injectables

Question 1

Propofol

onset? route? side-effects? shelf life?

Answer 1

• fast acting and lasts 10-15 minutes (safe for CRI)
• no problem if given perivascular
• short cardiovascular depression
• apnea, resp. depression, decrease CO -> increased HR
• CNS friendly (dec. ICP, protective for brain ischemia) but seizure like activity after eliminated
• contamination after 6hrs (bc of Egg lecithin), but with 2% Benzyl Alcohol, shelf life increased to 28 days (2 yr unopened)

Question 2

Ketamine

Answer 2

• Dissociative, Analgesic, increases sympathetic tone
• poor muscle relaxant (use Benzodiazapine for induction), maintained reflexes
• violent recovery
• increases ICP, CBF, IOP
• decreases seizures threshold
• apnea, apneustic breathing
• increases myocardium work load

Question 3

Telazol

Answer 3

• Dissociative like ketamine but comprised of 1:1 Tiletamine and Zolazepam
• smaller volume (powder used with sterile water)
• side-effects mimic ketamine
• rough recovery without pre-meds
• can be constituted with Ketamine and Alpha 2

Question 4

Etomidate

Answer 4

• minimal cardiovascular changes, good for cardiac patients
• adrenal suppression (so don’t use on septic patients!)
• poor muscle relaxation
• combined with opioid or benzo for induction
• expensive

Question 5

Opioids

Answer 5

• fentanyl (short acting) or hydromorphone (long acting) bolus
• decreases HR and ventilation
• reversible
• analgesic
• no myocardial depression
• inc. ICP if hypoventilating

Question 6

Alfaxalone

Answer 6

• fast acting
• no problem perivascular
• short cardiovascular depression
• apnea, respiratory depression
• CNS friendly
• can be given IM

Question 7

Generally anesthetics are ____soluble and ________.

Answer 7

liposoluble and highly protein bound.

Question 8

What causes an animal to wake up from anesthesia?

Answer 8

REDISTRIBUTION of the drug

Question 9

Once tissues are saturated with a drug what will decrease plasma concentration of the drug?

Answer 9

Elimination

Question 10

Injectable anesthetics that can be given IM?

Answer 10

Ketamine and Alfaxalone