CATA263 > Injury classification > Flashcards

Injury classification Flashcards

(118 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

types of macrotrauma MSK injuries

A

strains
sprains
contusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

types of microtrauma MSK injuries

A

stress fx
overuse injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are forms of MSK trauma

A

physical
chemical
thermal
metabolic
biological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are metabolic injuries

A

disruptions in energy use/ nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are physiological injuries

A

physiological changes due to trauma that affect nervous system and hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

types of directions of force

A

tensile
compression
shear
torsion
bending (combination)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

tensile injuries are…

A

strains and sprains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

compression injuries are

A

direct impact, FX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

shear injuries are

A

spinals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

torsion injuries are

A

ACL, meniscus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

bending/combination forces is what

A

tension on one side and compression on other side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is elastic response

A

tolerable load

load is removed and tissue goes back to original shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is yield load

A

max amount of load before deformation occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is failure force

A

does not return to normal shape

fractures, strains, sprains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the plastic region

A

stays in deformed state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is stress

A

force divides by the surface area where force is applied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

acceptable strain tolerance is…

A

load BEFORE failing
deformation BEFORE failing
energy stored BEFORE failing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the steeper the slope…

A

the greater amount of stress can be applied (greater stiffness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

greater stiffness…

A

less deformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the amount of stress that can be applied depends on what

A

material and surface area
type of force/stress applied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does joint type affect

A
  • load distribution
  • force absorption
  • stability of a joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are fibrous joints

A

synarthrosis sutures
syndesmosis
gomphosis joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are cartilaginous joints

A

synchondrosis and symphyses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are synovial joints

A

plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball & socket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
synovial joints include...
articular cartilage synovial cavity articular capsule synovial fluid ligaments
26
the more moveable a joint....
the less force it can wistand
27
main components of connective tissue
collagen elastin reticulin ground substance
28
what does collagen do
gives strength to tissue
29
what is the most numerous protein in the body
collagen
30
what is collagen developed from
fibroblasts
31
collagen creates what kind of links
crosslinks **wound healing to hold new structures**
32
what is elastin
stretch property
33
where is elastin SCARCE
tendons and ligaments
34
what is ground substane
protein chains that give substance to structure
35
what does ground substance do
provide cement like foundation **provide strength FOR collagen**
36
what holds water
ground substance
37
define cause of injury
an event that alters the tissue structure **affects the ability for tissues to carry out normal function/load**
38
where can we see closed soft tissue injuries
muscle/tendons joints
39
types of closed soft tissue injuries in muscles & tendons
strains tendinopathy contusions
40
types of closed soft tissue injuries in joints
sprains dislocations/sublux articular cartilage damage bursitis
41
what is ecchymosis
tissue discoloration if **hemorrhage is superficial**
42
what is hematoma
**swelling of** clotted blood
43
complications of contusions
**acute compartment syndrome (911)** active bleeding and large hematonas
44
1st degree contusion
superficial tissue crushed mild weakness **ROM not affected**
45
2ns degree contusion
superficial and **some deep** mild-mod weakness **decreased ROM**
46
3rd degree contusion
deeper tissue crushed (crushed fascia) severe weakness/ loss of function **decreased ROM due to swelling**
47
causes of muscles strains
stretch induced by a large contraction **ECCENTRIC CONTRACTIONS**
48
S&S of muscle strains
acute MOI-overstretch/load pain located over injury site discoloration **muscle weakness/ROM limits**
49
classification of muscle strain is based on what
amount of torn tissue
50
1st degree muscle strains have...
mild symptoms **decreased ROM and pain w stretch**
51
2nd degree muscle strains have...
moderate to severe symptoms **moderate pain on contraction** **decreased ROM**
52
3rd degree muscle strains have...
all torn fibers severe symptoms **NO PAIN ON CONTRACTION** **increase or decrease ROM**
53
when do ligament sprains occur
when placed in extreme ROM where ligs support
54
S/S of lig sprains
discomfort over lig swelling loss of function **increased laxity** pain with stretching muscle weakness
55
why would ligament sprains cause contraction pain
pain with RROM/AROM due to surrouding muscles that could be damaged
56
1st lig sprain
will have pain w stretchng decreased ROM
57
2nd lig sprain
half of fibers torn will have pain w stretching moderate loss of function decreased ROM
58
3rd lig sprain
moderate weakness severe swelling severe loss of function **NO PAIN W STRETCHING** ROM may increase or decrease depending on swelling
59
dislocation is what
bones are forced beyond normla limits
60
dislocations are associated w what
damage to surrounding ligs and capsules and **possible muscle tendon units**
61
what is bursitis
irritation of bursa
62
bursitis can be...
acute or chronic
63
S/S of bursitis
localized swelling point tender warm to touch
64
where is swelling w bursitis obvious
olecranon and prepatellar
65
what is tendinopathy
common term for tendon pathology
66
what is tendinitis
tendons lack good blood supply lack of inflammatory response (ACUTE)
67
what is tendinosis
degenerative changes result (CHRONIC)
68
how to confirm a tendinopathy
w histopathological exam
69
S/S of tendinopathy
pain swelling crepitus pain at extreme motions (PROM/AROM) strength decrease
70
what is tenosynovitis
inflammation of the synovial sheath surrounding tendon (hands/feet)
71
S/s acute tenosynovitis
crepitus w movement inflammation swelling
72
chronic tenosynovitis
nodule formation in the tendon sheath
73
long term tendinopathy can lead to...
accumulation of mineral deposits in the bone (**myositis ossificans**)
74
what is myositis ossificans
increase calcium & bone starts to grow in tissues
75
stage 1 of overuse injury
pain **after** activity only
76
stage 2 of overuse injury
pain **during activity** that does not restrict performance
77
stage 3 of overuse injury
pain **during activity** that **RESTRICTS** performance
78
stage 4 of overuse injury
chronic, unremitting pain **even at rest**
79
intrinsic causes of overuse injuries
malalignment of limbs muscle imbalances
80
extrinsic caused of overuse injuries
training errors faulty tech incorrect surface poor environmental conditions
81
what is osteoarthritis
degeneration of articular cartilage in a joint
82
cause of osteroarthritis
stresses obtained during physical activity, joint trauma and aging process
83
S/S of osteroarthritis
pain limited movement
84
define muscle cramps
painful involuntary contraction of short duration caused by a **reflex action** that can be initiated by a **mechanical blow to a nerve or muscle**
85
clonic muscle cramp
**alternating** contraction & relaxation
86
tonic muscle cramp
continued contraction
87
muscle cramps are often induced when
during exercise
88
muscle cramps have an unknown cause but can be from...
biochemical imbalances neuromuscular fatigue
89
why is it important to do an ACL special test ASAP
muscle spasms to protect the injured area
90
what is a primary injury
caused by a particular event **external causes vs. internal causes**
91
what is a secondary injury
caused by **complications** after primary **hypoxia and ischemia**
92
3 phases of soft tissue healing
1. inflammatory 2. proliferative 3. maturation
93
inflammatory phase timeline
day 0-6
94
we want to...... with inflammation
want to **control it** not prevent it
95
S/S of inflammation
rubor (redness) calor (local heat) tumor (swelling) dolor (pain) function laesa (loss of function)
96
goal of inflammatory phase
stop blood loss from wound
97
whats happening during the first part of the inflammatory phase
local vasoconstriction reduction of blood flow and platelet reaction to form **mechanical plug**
98
whats happening during part 2 of the inflammatory phase
VASODILATION due to **release of histamine & bradykinin**
99
what do the release of chemical mediators do (histamine and bradykinin)
increases blood vessel permeability promotes vasodilation PAIN
100
timeline for proliferative phase
day 3-21
100
what is phagocytosis
attraction of macrophages and neutrophils (eating bad things)
101
whats happening during proliferative phase
**repair** and **regeneration** of tissues
102
what type of tissue development occurs during proliferative phase
new blood vessels fibrous tissues new epithelial tissue wound contraction
103
what do fibroblasts do during proliferative phase
synthesize new type III collagen fibers
104
what is angiogenesis
formation of new vessels
105
what happens in the maturation phase
maturation of newly formed scar tissue
106
timeline of the maturation phase
up to 1 yr
107
why is scar tissue bad
inelastic and nonvascular= **less strong and less functional**
108
excessive scar tissue is called what
keloid tissue
109
what happens to the type III fibers in the maturation phase
become type I collagen
110
what must be done during maturation phase to regain mobility
alignment of fibers along muscle fibers to **regain mobility and strength**
111
tensile strneght increase can continue for up to...
2 years post injury
112
bad rehab that doesnt reorientate collagen fibers could lead to...
permanent decrease of 30% compared to preinjury
113
muscle fibers are permanent cells that...
DO NOT reproducer or proliferate (gotta work w what we got)
114
lig and tendons heal best when...
in lose proximity to other things (ACL are all alone=takes long)
115
increase immobilization results in...
muscle atrophy
116
do nerve injuries heal faster than soft tissue and bones
NO rate of 2.5mm per month
117
most common nerve injuries
tensile and compression
CATA263
flashcards
Decks in class (16)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions