CAS 608 Selfcare > Insect bites > Flashcards

Insect bites Flashcards

(17 cards)

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1
Q

Pharmacologic therapy - Insect Bites

Local Anesthetics

A

(benzocaine, pramoxine, benzyl alcohol, lidocaine)

  • MOA: block conduction of nerve impulses -> loss of sensation
  • Apply 3-4 times daily no longer than 7 days
  • Side effects: allergic dermatitis, irritation, sloughing off and necrosis of the skin
  • overuse of local anesthetics…. Sensitization, specifically contact dermatitis
  • pramoxine and benzyl alcohol have LESS ADR than Dibucaine and phenol
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2
Q

Pharmacologic therapy cont. - Insect Bites

  1. Antihistamines
A

diphenhydramine 0.5-2%

  • MOA: depress receptors to relieve pain and itch
  • Apply 3-4 times for no longer than 7 days
  • Side effects: hypersensitivity reactions (allergic and

photoallergic contact dermatitis)

  • Drowsiness? Why? Can cross BBB
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3
Q

Pharmacologic therapy cont. - Insect Bites

  1. Counter irritants (camphor and menthol)
A
  • MOA: depresses cutaneous receptors
  • Camphor is dangerous when ingested
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4
Q

Pharmacologic therapy cont. - Insect Bites

  1. Hydrocortisone (up to 1%)
A
  • MOA: reduces inflammation -> relief of pain and itching
  • Apply TID no longer than 7 days
  • Side Effects: epidermal atrophy, acneiform eruptions, irritation, folliculitis, and tightening and cracking of the skin

- DO NOT USE in patients with fungal/bacterial infections

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5
Q

Pharmacologic therapy cont. - Insect Bites

  1. Skin Protectants
A
  • (Zinc Oxide, Calamine, Titanium dioxide)
  • MOA: protectants and reduce inflammation and irritation
  • Has minimal adverse effects
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6
Q

Nonpharmacologic Therapy for Insect Stings

A
  • Ice pack in 10 mins interval to slow absorption and reduce itching, swelling and pain
  • Remove stinger using finger nail/edge of credit card
  • Avoid wearing perfume, bright colored shirt, scented lotions
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7
Q

Pediculosis

A
  • Head lice – most common, outbreaks common at school: causes wheal and papules
  • Body lice – cooties usually controlled with appropriate hygiene
  • Pubic lice – transmitted with high sexual contact, can be found in pubic areas
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8
Q

Nonpharmacologic Therapy - Pediculosis

A
  • Inspect hair and comb with nit comb
  • Avoid physical contact with infested individual
  • Wash clothing and bedding in hot water
  • Control body hygiene
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9
Q

Pharmacologic Therapy Pediculosis

Synergized pyrethrins

A
  • For head and pubic Lice
  • MOA : block nerve transmission ⇒ paralysis and death
  • Apply for 10 mins then rinse/shampoo. Repeat in 7-10 days if necessary
  • Side effects: irritation, erythema, itching, and swelling
  • C/I in patients with chrysanthemums, ragweed allergy
  • may be used on children ages 2 years and older
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10
Q

Pharmacologic Therapy Pediculosis

2. Permethrin

A
  • MOA: disrupt sodium channel -> delay depolarization and cause paralysis
  • HEAD LICE only
  • Side effects: transient pruritus, burning, stinging, irritation of the scalp.
  • Same C/I as pyrethrin + infants <2 months
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11
Q

Exclusions for self-treatment

A
  • < 2 years for pyrethrins
  • < 2 months for permethrins
  • Lice infestation of eyelids or eyebrow
  • Pregnancy
  • Nursing
  • Active tumors
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12
Q

Clotrimazole and Miconazole Nitrate

A
  • MOA: act by inhibiting the biosynthesis of ergosterol and other sterols and by damaging the fungal cell wall membrane
  • Applied once in the morning and once in the evening. For athlete’s foot and ringworm, these drugs should be applied twice daily for 4 weeks; for jock itch they should be applied twice daily for 2 weeks.
  • S/E: Rare - mild skin irritation, burning, and stinging
  • DDI - with warfarin
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13
Q

Butenafine (Lotrimin Ultra)

A
  • Inhibit biosynthesis of ergosterol and damage fungal cell wall
  • Applied bid x1 week then QD x 4 weeks

*

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14
Q

Terbinafine (Lamisil)

A
  • Inhibits fungi sterol biosynthesis >>> cell death
  • Indicated for Tinea Pedis
  • Should be applied twice a day for 2-4 weeks
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15
Q

Tolnaftate (Tinactin)

A
  • Only one approved for prevention and treatment
  • Applied sparingly twice a day, from 2-6 weeks

*

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16
Q

Aluminum Salts

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Use for Tinea Pedis
  • Should not be used monotherapy
17
Q

NonPharm Suggestions

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A
  • Application technique
  • Expected duration
  • Some relief within 1 week
    • But continue treatment
  • Do not share towels
  • Wash clothes and towels frequently
CAS 608 Selfcare
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