Inside the Cell

Question 1

• is the fluid that fills a cell
• Cell contents
• Gel-like mixture
• Surrounded by cell membrane
• Contains hereditary material
• Includes organelles and cytosol
• Excludes nucleus

Answer 1

Cytoplasm

Question 2

• Maintains shape of cell
• Positions organelles
• Changes cell shape
• Includes: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

Answer 2

Cytoskeleton

Question 3

• is a small set of microtubules arranged in a specific way
• are found in pairs and move towards the poles (opposite ends) of the nucleus when it is time for cell division

Answer 3

Centrioles

Question 4

Are Two centrioles arranged perpendicular to each other

• Composed of microtubules: 9 clusters of 3 (triplets)

Answer 4

Centrosome

Question 5

Composed of tubulin that grows the mitotic spindle

Answer 5

Pericentriolar material

Question 6

Function: moves chromosomes to ends of cell during cell division

Answer 6

Centrosome

Question 7

• Made within the nucleus (in nucleolus)
• Sites of protein synthesis
• Consist of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) + proteins
• Contain large and small subunits
• Can be attached to endoplasmic reticulum or free in cytosol

Answer 7

Ribosomes

Question 8

are Specialized for motion

Answer 8

Cilia and Flagella

Question 9

• single tail like structure on sperm
• Propels sperm forward in reproductive tract

Answer 9

Flagellum

Question 10

• in groups
• Found in respiratory system: move mucus

Answer 10

Cilia

Question 11

• Structure: network of folded membranes
• Functions: synthesis, intracellular transport

Answer 11

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 12

The double membranes of smooth and rough ER form sacs called

Answer 12

cisternae

Question 13

2 Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 13

o Rough ER
o Smooth ER

Question 14

The Endoplasmic Reticulum that is studded with ribosomes (sites of protein synthesis)

Answer 14

o Rough ER

Question 15

The Endoplasmic Reticulum that lacks ribosomes

Answer 15

o Smooth ER

Question 16

Functions:
▪ lipid synthesis
▪ release of glucose in liver cells into bloodstream
▪ drug detoxification (especially in liver cells)

Answer 16

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 17

Is in charge of storage and release of Ca2+ in muscle cells where smooth E.R. is known as?

Answer 17

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum or SR

Question 18

• Protein ‘packaging plant‘
• was named after Camillo Golgi, an Italian biologist

Answer 18

Golgi Complex

Question 19

• Structure: Flattened membranes (cisternae) with
  bulging edges (like stacks of pita bread)
• Functions: gathers simple molecules and combines
  them to make molecules that are more complex
  o Move materials within and out of the cell

Answer 19

Golgi Complex

Question 20

▪ Modify proteins → glycoproteins and lipoproteins that:

▪ Become parts of plasma membranes, Are stored in lysosomes (cell digestion machines) or are exported by exocytosis.

Answer 20

Golgi Complex

Question 21

Contains digestive enzymes
* Digestive ‘plant’ for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
* Help in final processes of digestion within cells

Answer 21

Lysosome

Question 22

Carry out autophagy (destruction of worn out parts of cell) and death of old cells (autolysis)

Answer 22

Lysosome

Question 23

A hereditary disorder; one missing lysosomal enzyme leads to nerve destruction

Answer 23

Tay-Sachs

Question 24

True or False:

Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes?

Answer 24

True

Question 25

2 Types of Small Bodies

Answer 25

Peroxisomes Proteasomes

Question 26

o hold on to enzymes that require oxygen (oxidative enzymes) o break down fatty acids, digest alcohol and protect cells against hydrogen peroxide o detoxify; abundant in liver

Answer 26

Peroxisomes

Question 27

o digest unneeded or faulty protein (proteolysis) o Faulty proteins accumulate in brain cells in persons with Parkinson or Alzheimer disease

Answer 27

Proteasomes

Question 28

Structure: * Sausage-shaped with many folded membranes (cristae) and liquid matrix containing enzymes * Have some DNA, ribosomes (can make proteins)

Answer 28

Mitochondria

Question 29

Function: * Nutrient energy is released and trapped in ATP; so known as “power houses of cell” * Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates * Controls level of water and other materials in cell * Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

Answer 29

Mitochondria

Question 30

* Directs cell activities * Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane * Round or oval structure surrounded by nuclear envelope with nuclear pores

Answer 30

Nucleus

Question 31

makes ribosomes that pass into cytoplasm through nuclear pores

Answer 31

Nucleolus

Question 32

Store genetic material (DNA) in genes arranged in 46 chromosomes

Answer 32

Nucleus

Question 33

True or False: DNA contains information for directing protein synthesis: o In this cell o In new cells (formed by cell reproduction)

Answer 33

True

Question 34

• is the suspension fluid that holds the cell's chromatin and nucleolus • It is not always present in the nucleus

Answer 34

Nucleoplasm

Question 35

True or False: When the cell divides, the nuclear membrane dissolves and the nucleoplasm is released. After the cell nucleus has reformed, the nucleoplasm fills the space again?

Answer 35

True

Question 36

• Surrounds nucleus • Made of two layers • Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus

Answer 36

Nuclear Membrane or Envelope

Question 37

• Inside nucleus • Contains RNA to build proteins

Answer 37

Nucleolus