Institutionalisation

Question 1

Rutter Groups

Answer 1

• 165 Romanian orphans adopted in the UK
• Also followed control of 52 adopted chiildren from the UK

Question 2

Rutter Study

Answer 2

• Longitudinal
• Assess cognitive, physical, and emotional development at 4, 6, 11, 15, 20-25 yrs

Question 3

Rutter - what did he test?

Answer 3

The extent to which good care can make up for poor early experiences in institutions

Question 4

Rutter Findings Intellectual

Answer 4

• 1/2 orphans showed delayed intellectual development when adopted
• at 11yrs their progress related to age of adoption (<6 months = 102 IQ, 6mths-2yrs = 86 IQ, >2yrs = 77 IQ)

Question 5

Rutter Findings Emotional

Answer 5

• <6months adopted they were unlikely to show signs of attachment disorder

Question 6

Rutter Conclusions

Answer 6

• -/ve relationship between age of adoption and emotional and intellectual development
• There is a sensitive period in the development of attachments (6months-2yrs) if not long-lasting effects

Question 7

Deprivation

Answer 7

Loss of attachment

Question 8

Privation

Answer 8

Lack of attachment due to failure to form any during early life

Question 9

Institutionalisation

Answer 9

Result of being in institutional care

Question 10

Gardner

Answer 10

Institutionalised children physically smaller than control
- due to lack of emotional care not poor nourishment

Question 11

Quinton et al

Answer 11

• 50 women raised in childrens home compared to 50 women raised at home
• women in children home had difficulties as parents and were more likely to have children who entered care

Question 12

Zenah’s Bucharest Early Intervention Project

Answer 12

• strange situation and CG interviews to assess attachment in 95 children with average of 90% of life in a Romanian orphan
• institutionalised had least secure attachment and most disorgansied
• control has more secure and least disinhibited

Question 13

AO3 + internal validity Rutter

Answer 13

Rutter has high internal validity as no trauma before institutionalisation

Question 14

AO3 - natural study

Answer 14

Can’t understand extent of privation as natural study so low control

Question 15

AO3 + application

Answer 15

Emotional care and interaction is as important as physical care
- ratio of staff to children
- early adoption preferable

Question 16

Conclusions

Answer 16

the longer the privation the worse the outcome
- physical = stunted growth
- intellectual = low IQ
- emotional = insecure attachment
- social = poor future parenting