angel less than 45 will burnish hard deposits
working strokes
roots : longer strokes with less pressure
gracey 1/2,3/4,5/6,7/8
used for all anteriors , 5678 is good for pre molars
gracey 11/12,15/16
posteriors (mesial/direct surface)
gracey 13/14,17/18
posteriors (distal)
sharpen from heel to tip (toe)
sonic scaler
uses compressed air
move in elliptical motion
magnetostritive scaler
move in elliptical motion
the point has the highest power
piezoelectric scaler
moves in linear motion
patient’s tip of the nose should always be lower than the clinician’s elbow