Insulin

Question 1

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 1

• Usually formed due to lifestyle habits
• onset peaks in 50’s but can occur at any age
• slow onset/asymptomatic

Question 2

Insulin

Answer 2

A hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas

• physiologic effect is to enhance body metabolism of glucose
• lowers blood glucose

Question 3

Fasting Blood Glucose(FBS)

Answer 3

• 10-12 hours fasting
• normal 70-100 mg/dL

•Abnormal >100-126=impaired

> 126mg/dL =abnormal(diabetes)

Question 4

Glyconsylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)

Answer 4

• Normal= 4-6%
• Abnormal= >8% indicates poor diabetic control
• 9% and higher shows that the average glucose level has been around 200mg/dL

Question 5

Insulin for type 1 and 2

Answer 5

Type one must have it by injection due to loss of function from beta cells

Type two “may” need it by injection of the body isn’t recognizing its own insulin properly

Question 6

Rapid acting insulin

Answer 6

• given before meals
• onset:20-30 minutes
• Peak:30min-3hr
• Duration:3-5 hours
• novolog
• humalog

Question 7

Short acting insulin

Answer 7

-(R) Regular insulin
•Onset:30min-1hr
•Peak:2-5 hrs
•Duration:5-12 hours

Novolin
Humulin

Question 8

Intermediate Acting insulin

Answer 8

-Given to prolong action of insulin for longer coverage

• Onset:1-4 hours
• Peak:4-14 hours
• Duration:10-24 hours

Question 9

Long acting insulin

Answer 9

-Given for long term effect, such as for 24 hour coverage

• Onset:1-4 hours
• Peak: Lantus has no peak, Levemir:6-8 hours
• Duration:24 hours

Question 10

Read insulin labels correctly

Answer 10

• Humulin R=regular(short acting)
• Humulin N=NPH(Intermediate)
• Humulin 70/30= 70%N/30%R

Question 11

Concentrations of insulin

Answer 11

•U-100 means there are 100 Units per 1mL(most common in US)

Question 12

Insulin syringes

Answer 12

Two types of syringes 50 unit volume and 100

Question 13

Insulin pen

Answer 13

• patients prefer pen
• Attach new needle each time and PRIME with two units of insulin

-give insulin in subcut routes

Question 14

Storage of insulin

Answer 14

• May be stored at room temp for 18-20 months
• may be stored in fridge 18-30 months

-IF injected cold may:
Cause delay of absorption rate
Set off local reaction
Cause discomfort

Question 15

Documentation of insulin

Answer 15

Include:

• blood glucose level @ time of administration
• # of Units given
• site given

Question 16

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 16

• insulin dependent for life(pancreas has completely shut down insulin production)
• onset is usually younger than 30
• abrupt onset:usually only weeks to months before noticed