- All of the following are true of the subcutaneous layer, except
A) it contains many blood vessels.
B) it permits independent movement of deeper structures.
C) it contains large amounts of adipose tissue.
D) it is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane.
E) it is well supplied with nerves that pass into the skin.
B) it permits independent movement of deeper structures.
- Sweat tastes salty because of its
A) water. B) metabolites. C) waste products. D) electrolytes. E) acidic pH.
D) electrolytes.
- In an extensive wound, _________________ divide producing mobile cells that invade the deeper areas of the injury.
A) granulation cells B) Langerhans cells C) blood cells D) fibroblasts E) scab cells
D) fibroblasts
- The following are stages in the regeneration of skin following an injury.
- Contraction occurs.
- Cells of the stratum germinativum divide and migrate.
- Granulation tissue is formed.
- A scab forms on the surface.
The correct order for these events is
A) 1, 2, 3, 4. B) 4, 3, 2, 1. C) 4, 3, 1, 2. D) 3, 4, 1, 2. E) 2, 4, 1, 3.
C) 4, 3, 1, 2.
- Scar tissue is the result of
A) an abnormally large number of collagen fibers and relatively few blood vessels at the repair site.
B) increased numbers of epidermal layers in the area of the injury.
C) a thickened stratum germinativum in the area of the injury.
D) increased numbers of fibroblasts and mast cells in the injured area.
E) a lack of hair follicles and sebaceous glands in the injured area.
A) an abnormally large number of collagen fibers and relatively few blood vessels at the repair site.
- Wrinkles and sagging skin in elderly individuals are the result of
A) increased production of epidermis.
B) thinning of the epidermis and decline of the protein elastin.
C) increased keratinization of the epidermis.
D) the loss of glands and hair follicles from the skin.
E) decreased thickness of the dermis.
B) thinning of the epidermis and decline of the protein elastin
- The skin is attached to underlying bone and muscle by the _______________.
The skin attached to the underlying bone and muscle by the hypodermis
- Sloughing of the outer layer of skin cells is called ____________________.
Sloughing the outer layer of skin cells is called desquamation
- The deepest layer or strata of the epidermis is the ________________.
The deepest layer or strata of the epidermis is the stratum basale
- Melanin is produced only by ______________.
Melanin is produced by melanocytes
- Hair is formed by the cells of the ___________________.
Hair is formed by the cells of the matrix
- Body odour results from secretions from the ______________ sweat glands.
Body odour results from secretions from the apocrine sweat glands
- Sweat is involved in the regulation of __________________.
Sweat is involved in the regulation of body temperature
- What are the functions of the papillary layer of the skin? (3 marks)
- What are the functions of the papillary layer of the skin? (3 marks)
Feed and oxygenate the epidermis, provide touch and pain receptors, form ridges of the hands and toes.
- Name the main layers of the epidermis in order from the skin surface down. (5 marks)
- Name the main layers of the epidermis in order from the skin surface down.
Answer: Stratum corneum,lucidum,granulosum, spinosum, and basale (or germinativum).
- Name four functions of the epidermis. (4 marks)
- Name four functions of the epidermis:
Answers: Protection against abrasion;
Protection from the sun’s radiation;
First line of defence in immune function;
Protection from water loss;
Protection from heat loss;
Sensory perception;
Covers the body & interfaces with the external environment
- What complications may arise from the loss of large areas of skin surfaces? (2 marks)
- What complications may arise from the loss of large areas of skin surfaces?
Answer: Large losses of skin, as with severe burn injuries, allow excessive fluid loss and infection. Skin grafting is necessary.
The dermis is primarily composed of which tissue type?
A. Areolar connective tissue B. Reticular connective tissue C. Dense irregular connective tissue D. Stratified squamous epithelial tissue E. Dense regular connective tissue
E. Dense irregular connective tissue
The deeper reticular layer, which accounts for about 80% of the thickness of the dermis, is composed of
dense irregular connective tissue.
Which of the following cells would one NOT expect to find in the dermis?
A. Mast cells B. Neutrophils C. Keratinocytes D. Macrophages E. Fibroblasts
Keratinocytes
The dermis possesses all the cells that one would expect to find in connective tissue - mast cells,
fibroblasts, macrophages, and scattered white blood cells.
Which of the following epidermis components possesses a waterproofing glycolipid that functions in preventing water loss?
A. Keratohyaline granules B. Keratin C. Melanin D. Tonofilaments E. Lamellated granules
E. Lamellated granules
The lamellated granules contain a waterproofing glycolipid that is secreted into the intercellular space
and is the major factor for slowing water loss across the epidermis.
Which of the following is NOT a component of the integumentary system?
A. Sudoriferous glands B. Epidermis C. Hypodermis D. Hair E. Dermis
C. Hypodermis
The hypodermis, deep to the skin, shares some of the skin’s functions, but it is NOT a part of the
integumentary system.
Which of the following is NOT considered a critical burn?
A. Third-degree burns on the face
B. 25% of the body has second-degree burns
C. Over 10% of the body has third-degree burns
D. 30% of the body has first degree burns
E. Third-degree burns on the feet or hands
D. 30% of the body has first degree burns
First-degree burns are NOT considered critical as they typically heal in a few days without any special
attention.
Which of the following strata is absent in thin skin?
A. Stratum lucidum B. Stratum basale C. Stratum corneum D. Stratum granulosum E. Stratum spinosum
A. Stratum lucidum
The stratum lucidum appears in thick skin but NOT in thin skin.
Which of the following structures are primarily responsible for fingerprints?
A. Papillary layer and epidermal ridges B. Epidermal ridges and sweat pores C. Sweat pores and dermal ridges D. Dermal ridges and epidermal ridges E. Reticular layer and sweat pores
B. Epidermal ridges and sweat pores
Sweat pores open along the crests of the epidermal ridges, leaving distinct fingerprints on anything
that is touched.
