BIO108 - Gen. Physiology > Integumentary > Flashcards

Integumentary Flashcards

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1
Q

Integument means

A

covering

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2
Q

Functions of integumentary system

A
  1. Protection
  2. Sensation
  3. Vitamin D production
  4. Temperature and regulation
  5. Excretion
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3
Q
  • ULTRAVIOLET LIGHTS (Melanin absorbs UV)
  • MICROORGANISMS AND OTHER FOREIGN SUBSTANCES
  • HAIR ON THE HEAD ACT AS HEAT INSULATOR.
  • EYEBROWS KEEPS SWEAT OUT OF THE EYES EYELASHES PROTECT THE EYES FROM FOREIGN OBJECTS
  • HAIR IN THE NOSE AND EARS
  • INTACT SKIN REDUCE WATER LOSS (ITS LIPIDS ACT AS A BARRIER TO WATER DIFFUSION)
A

Protection

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4
Q

THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM HAS SENSORY RECEPTORS

A

Sensation

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5
Q

The integumentary system has receptors that can detect

A
  • Heat
  • Cold
  • Touch
  • Pressure
  • Pain
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6
Q

the body temperature is within normal range even when environmental temperature varies

A

Themoregulation

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7
Q

Small amount of waste products are lost through the skin in gland secretions

A

Excretion

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8
Q

Two major tissue layers that made up the skin

A

Epidermis and dermis

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9
Q
  • the most superficial layer of skin.
  • It is a layer of epithelial tissue that rests on the dermis
A

The Epidermis

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10
Q

is a layer of dense connective tissue

A

the Dermis

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11
Q
  • considered to be not part of the skin
  • the rest of the skin which is a layer of connective tissue
A

Subcutaneous tissue

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12
Q

The distinct layers of epidermis is called

A

Strata

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13
Q

gives the stratum corneum its structural strength.

A

Keratin

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14
Q
  • Cells of the epidermis
  • The body’s most abundant epithelial cells
  • Contain large amounts of keratin
A

Keratinocytes

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15
Q

Deepest Stratum Consist of ___ _ ___ __

A

cuboidal or columnar cells

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16
Q

the deepest stratum undergo what?

A

Mitotic division about every 19 days

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17
Q

The cells in these layers have lots of desmosomes (spiny appearance)

A

Stratum spinosum

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18
Q

the thin layer of cells in the epidermis

A

Stratum granulosum

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19
Q

A thin, clear layer of dead skin cells in the epidermis named for its translucent appearance

A

Stratum lucidum

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20
Q
  • Consists of dead squamous cells filled with Keratin.
  • Coated and surrounded by Lipids
  • Composed of 25 or more layers of dead squamous cells joined by desmosomes.
A

Stratum corneum

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21
Q

Some collagen fibers that are oriented in more directions than others, forms _____

A

cleavage lines

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22
Q

are more resistant to stretch

A

Cleavage lines, or tension lines

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23
Q

An incision made across cleavage

A
  • can gap
  • increasing time needed for healing
  • results in increasing scar tissue formation
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24
Q

An incision made parallel to cleavage

A
  • less gapping
  • faster healing
  • less scar tissue
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25
are projections toward the epidermis found in the upper part of the dermis
Dermal papillae
26
Also called HYPODERMIS
Subcutaneous tissue
27
Functions of Subcutaneous tissue
- Padding - Insulation
28
Factors that determine skin color
- Pigments in the skin. - Blood circulating through the skin. - Thickness of the stratum corneum.
29
Two primary pigments
- Melanin - Carotene
30
is the group of pigments primarily responsible for skin, hair, and eye color
Melanin
31
is a yellow pigment found in plants such as squash and carrots.
Carotene
32
provides protection against ultraviolet light from the sun.
Melanin
33
Produces melanin
melanocytes
34
Melanin is packages into the vesicles called
Melanosomes
35
move into the cell processes of melanocytes
Melanosomes
36
The accesory structures
- Hair - Glands - Nails
37
Found everywhere on the skin
Hair
38
Hair can be found everywhere in skin except
- Palms - Soles - parts of genitalia - distal segment of the skin and toes
39
Parts of the hair
A. Medulla B. Cortex C. Cuticle
40
innermost layer of the hair shaft
Medulla
41
surrounds the medulla
Cortex
42
the outermost part of the hair that covers the Cortex
Cuticle
43
- The hair that is visible. - Protrudes above the surface of the skin.
Hair shaft
44
- Forms the base of the hair follicle that rests on the Hair Papilla
Hair Bulb
45
A mass of connective tissue, nerve endings and blood capillaries at the base of the hair follicle
Hair papilla
46
- Smooth muscle cells - Contraction causes a raised area of skin (goose bumps).
Arrector pili
47
2 Major galnds in skin
A. Sebaceous glands B. Sweat glands
48
Glands that produce SEBUM
Sebaceous glands
49
Types of sweat glands
1. Eccrine sweat glands 2. Apocrine sweat glands
50
Are simple, coiled, tubular glands and release sweat by merocrine secretion
Eccrine sweat glands
51
Where is eccrine sweat glands found?
Most numerous in the pams and soles
52
- Simpled coiled, and tubular - Produces a thick secretion rich in organic substances released by Merocrine secretion
Apocrine sweat glands
53
Where is apocrine glands found
- Found in armpits - Nipples - Public region
54
Types of skin lesions
Bulla Macule Nodule Patch Papule Plaque Pustule Vesicle Wheal Scale Crust Fissure Exocriation Erosion Lichenification Scar
55
is a thin plate, consisting of layers of dead stratum corneum cells that contain a very hard type of keratin.
Nail
56
Parts of Nail
Nail Body Nail root Lunula
57
The visible part in nail
Nail body
58
The part of the nail covered by skin cuticle (Eponychium)
Nail root
59
Small part of the nail matrix
Lunula
60
A BLUISH COLOR TO THE SKIN CAUSED BY DECREASED BLOOD O2 CONTENT, IS AN INDICATION OF IMPAIRED CIRCULATORY OR RESPIRATORY FUNCTION
Cyanosis
61
A YELLOWISH SKIN COLOR
Jaundice
62
How does jaundice occurs
- Liver is damaged by disease ( Such as Viral hepatitis) - Rashes and Lesions
63
Effects of Againg on the Integumentary system
- Thinning of the Epidermis. - The amount of collagen in the dermis decreases - Vitamin D3 production declines - Blood supply to dermis is reduced Function of hair follicles decline - Dermis thins and elastic fibers decreases - Loss of adipose tissue - Repair rate slows - Skin is drier as sebaceous glands activity decreases
64
Most common cancer. Mainly caused by UV light exposure
Skin Cancer
65
More prone to skin cancer
Fair-skinned people
66
cause tan and is associated with malignant melanomas
UVA rays
67
rays that cause sunburns
UVB rays
68
Should block UVA and UVB
Sunscreen
69
Types of skin cancer
- Basal Cell carcinoma - Squamous cell carcinoma - Malignant Melanoma
70
cells in stratum basale affected cancer removed by surgery
Basal cell carcinoma
71
cells above stratum basale affected can cause death
Squamous cell carcinoma
72
arises from melanocytes in a mole rare type can cause death
Malignant melanoma
BIO108 - Gen. Physiology
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