Bioscience 1 > Integumentary System and Tissues > Flashcards

Integumentary System and Tissues Flashcards

(71 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Define: Tissues

A

groups of similar cells that perform a common function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the 4 basic Tissue types

A

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of tissue covers the body’s surface and lines a body cavity

A

Epithelial tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define the Function: Epithelial tissue

A

forms a boundary between the inner body and external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 Cell types

A

Squamous (flat)
Cuboidal (cube)
Columnar (column)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 2 layer categories of cells

A

Simple

Stratified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define: Simple Squamous

A

Single layer of flattened cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define the Function: Simple Squamous epithelium

A

allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define the Location: Simple Squamous epithelium

A
  • Kidneys
  • Air sacs of lungs
  • Blood and Lymphatic vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 2 types of Simple Squamous Epithelium

A

Endothelium- lining lymphatic/blood vessels and heart

Mesothelium- the serous membrane that lines the ventral body cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define: Simple Columnar epithelium

A

single layer of tall cells with round/oval nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define the Function: Simple Columnar epithelium

A

Absorption and secretion of mucus, enzymes and other substrances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define the Location: Simple Columnar Epithelium

A

Non-ciliated lines:

  • digestive tract
  • gallbladder

Ciliated lines:

  • bronchi
  • uterine tubes
  • regions of the uterus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define: Pseudo-stratified Epithelium

A

single layer of cells differing in heights with the nucleui at different levels.

  • Has cillia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define the Function: Pseudo-stratified

A

Secretes substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define the Location: Pseudo-stratified epithelium

A

Non-ciliated:
- sperm carrying ducts

Ciliated:

  • trachea
  • upper respiratory tract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define: Stratified Squamous epithelium

A

Several layers of cells, with basal cells being cuboidal and changing to squamous closer to the surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define the Function: Stratified Squamous epithelium

A

Protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define the Location: Stratified Squamous epithelium

A

Non-keratinised:

  • oesophagus
  • mouth
  • vagina

Keratinised:
- epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the most abundant tissue type in the body

A

Connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 4 main types of connective tissue

A
  • Connective tissue proper (ligaments)
  • Cartilage
  • Bone
  • Blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define the Function: Connective Tissue

A
  • Binding and support of other tissues
  • Protection of organs
  • Insulation of organs
  • Storage of energy reserves
  • Transporting substances
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 3 elements of Connective Tissue

A

Fibres
Cells
Ground substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Connective Tissue

What are the 3 Fibre types

A

Collagen fibres
Elastic fibres
Reticular fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Connective tissue Define the function: Collagen fibres
provide strength
26
Connective tissues Define the function: Elastic fibres
provides stretch and recoil
27
Connective tissue Define the Function: Reticular fibres
finer fibres providing strength
28
What are the 5 Cell types in connective tissue
``` Fibroblast Mast cells Macrophages Fat cells White blood cells ```
29
Connective Tissue Cells Define the Function: Fibroblasts
secretes the fibres
30
Connective Tissue Cells Define the Function: Mast cells
activates the inflammatory response
31
Connective Tissue Cells Define the Function: Macrophages
disposes of dead cells and foreign substances
32
Connective Tissue Cells Define the Function: Fat cells
energy reserves
33
Connective Tissue Cells Define the Function: White blood cell
migrate to sites in response to infection or injury
34
Connective Tissue Define: Ground substance
unstructured material that fills the space between fibres and cells
35
Connective tissue Define the Function: Ground substance
contains fluid that enables nutrients and substances to diffuse between blood vessels and cells
36
What are the 2 types of Connective Tissue Proper
Loose CT | Dense CT
37
What are the 3 types of Loose Connective Tissue
Areolar Adipose Reticular
38
What are the 3 types of Dense Connective Tissue
Regular Irregular Elastic
39
What are the structures of the Integumentary System
Skin | - hair, nails and glands
40
What are the 3 layers of the Integumentary System
Epidermis- outer layer Dermis- middle layer Hypodermis- deepest layer
41
What are the 5 layers of the Epidermis
Stratum Corneum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Spinosum Stratum Basale
42
What layer of the Epidermis is only present in thick skin
Stratum Lucidium
43
What are the Cells of the Epidermis
- Keratinocytes - Melanocytes - Langerhans cells (dendrites) - Merkel cells
44
Epidermis cells Define: Keratinocytes
most numerous cells in body | - Produce keratin and lamellar granules (protects the skin)
45
Epidermis cells Define: Melanocytes
Located in basal layer - Produces melanin - Protects nucleus of keratinocytes from UV damage
46
Epidermis cells Define: Langerhans cells
Located in Stratum spinosum | - Ingests foreign substances (easily damaged by UV)
47
Epidermis cells Define: Merkel cells
Located in basal layer | - Detects sensation of touch
48
Define: Cell
is the basic structural unit of the body
49
What is the dermis made of
Bundles of collagen and elastic fibres
50
What are the 2 layers of the Dermis
Papillary layer | Reticular layer
51
What are the 3 layers of a Hair Shaft
- Medulla core - Cortext (layers of fattened cells) - Cuticle (single layer of flattened cells)
52
What do Sudiferous glands produce
sweat
53
What do Sebaceous glands produce
Sebum
54
What do Ceruminous glands produce
ear wax
55
What do mammory glands produce
milk
56
Explain: Eccrine sweat glands
- abundant on palms, feet and forehead - secrete sweat 99% water - body temp regulation
57
Explain: Apocrine sweat glands
- located in axillary and anogenital area - secretes sweat containing fats and proteins - Active during puberty - no known function
58
Define the function: Sebaceous glands
- secrete sebum - soften hair and skin - prevents excess water evaporation
59
Define the Function: Skin
``` Protection Body temp regulation Cutaneous sensation Vitamin D synthesis Excretion ```
60
What is the function of the Stratum Corneum
functions as an abrasion resistant and waterproof barrier
61
Body odour is due to...
bacteria decomposing fat and protein in sweat
62
Define: Vernix Caseosa
is the whitish material produced by foetal sebaceous glands
63
Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for cell division and replacement of cells
Stratum Basale
64
How do Melanocytes protect Keratinocytes from UV damage
they secrete melanin around the keratinocyte nucleus providing a UV blocking barrier
65
What skin cell is not found in the dermis
Keratinocyte
66
The epidermis is composed of what tissues?
Keratinised stratified squamous epithelial tissue
67
Which layer in the epidermis is able to actively divide to replace cells in the superficial layer
Stratum Basale
68
Which type of epithelium functions in abrasion resistance
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
69
Cells in the Stratum Corneum are described as...
flat dead cells rich in keratin
70
UV radiation activates...
Vit D synthesis for calcium absorption
71
Define the function: Keratin
to make skin tough and waterproof
Bioscience 1
flashcards
Decks in class (13)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions