intelligence test
diagnostic tool designed to
measure overall thinking
ability
abstract thinking
capacity to understand hypothetical concepts
g (general intelligence)
hypothetical factor that
accounts for overall differences in intellect among people
s (specific abilities)
particular ability level in a narrow domain
Fluid intelligence
refers to the capacity to learn new ways of solving problems.
crystallized intelligence
refers to the accumulated knowledge of the world we acquire over time
multiple intelligences
idea that people vary in their ability levels across different domains of intellectual skill
FRAMES OF MIND
Howard Gardner: yhere are numerous “frames of mind,” or different ways of thinking about the world. Each frame of mind is a different and fully indepen- dent intelligence in its own right.
triarchic model
model of intelligence proposed by Robert Sternberg positing three distinct types of intelligence: analytical, practical, and creative
Analytical intelligence
the ability to reason logically.
Practical intelligence
also called “tacit intelligence,” the abil- ity to solve real-world problems, especially those involving other people
Creative intelligence
also called “creativity,” our ability to come up with novel and effective answers to questions.
Stanford-Binet IQ test
intelligence test based on the measure developed by Binet and Simon, adapted by Lewis Terman of Stanford University
intelligence quotient (IQ)
systematic means of quantifying differences among people in their intelligence
mental age
age corresponding to
the average individual’s performance on an intelligence test
deviation IQ
expression of a person’s IQ relative to their same-aged peers
eugenics
movement in the early
20th century to improve a population’s genetic stock
by encouraging those with
good genes to reproduce, discouraging those with bad genes from reproducing, or both
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
most widely used intelligence test for adults today, consisting of 15 subtests to assess different types of mental abilities
culture-fair IQ test
abstract reasoning measure that doesn’t depend on language and is often believed to be less influenced by cultural factors than other
IQ tests
within-group heritability
extent to which the variability of a trait within a group is genetically influenced
between-group heritability
extent to which the difference in a trait between groups is genetically influenced
test bias
tendency of a test to predict outcomes better in one group than another
stereotype threat
fear that we may confirm a negative group stereotype
divergent thinking
capacity to generate many different solutions to a problem
