Intelligence

Question 1

What is the one limitation of Galton’s research?

Answer 1

he missed the implications that being raised in a privileged environment has for IQ

Question 2

2 main approaches to study intelligence?

Answer 2

• psychometric

- cognitive processes

Question 3

The ability to retrieve and use previously learned information and which forms the basis for expertise is known as ___________ intelligence.

Answer 3

crystallised

Question 4

Your ability to reason abstractly and think logically so that you can solve new problems depends largely on your _____________ intelligence.

Answer 4

fluid

Question 5

The three main components of Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence include

Answer 5

1. metacomponents
2. performance components
3. knowledge acquisition

Question 6

The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) measures emotional intelligence on which of the following domains?

Answer 6

• perceiving emotions
• using emotions to facilitate thought
• understanding emotions
• managing emotions

Question 7

Alfred Binet’s assumptions

Answer 7

1. mental abilities develop with age
2. intelligence is a characteristic and fairly stable over time

(mental age)

Question 8

William Stern’s IQ formula

Answer 8

IQ = ration of mental age to chronological age time 100
(IQ = MA/CA x 100)

Question 9

Limitations of Stanford-Binet Test

Answer 9

• relied too much on verbal skills
• suitable for children but not for adults
• lots of timed tests (harder for older adults)
• did not consider that intellectual performance can deteriorate with age
• produced only one score

Question 10

Weschsler Test

Answer 10

• measures of verbal and nonverbal abilities

WAIS-R, WISC-IV, WPPSI-R

Question 11

WISC-IV four cognitive domains

Answer 11

1. verbal comprehension index (vocab)
2. working memory index (maths)
3. perceptual organisation index (picture completion)
4. processing speed index (digit symbol coding)

Question 12

Psychometric Approach

Answer 12

attempts to map the structure of intellect and to discover the kinds of mental competencies that underlie test performance.

Question 13

Cognitive Processes Approach

Answer 13

studies the specific thought processes that underlie those mental competencies.
- try to explain why people differ on intelligence or how they process information

Question 14

Psychometrics

Answer 14

the statistical study of psychological tests.

Aims at identifying and measuring the abilities that underlie performance

Question 15

Factor analysis

Answer 15

a statistical technique that reduces a large number of measures to a smaller number of clusters or factors.
each cluster contains variables that correlate highly with one another but less highly with variables in other clusters.

Question 16

The ‘g’ factor

Answer 16

discovered by Charles Spearman

• intellectual performance is determined partly by a general intelligence factor
• constitutes the core of intelligence

Question 17

Robert Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence addresses…

Answer 17

1. the diverse forms that intelligence can take

2. the psychological processes involved in intelligent behaviour

Question 18

Components of Triarchic Theory

Answer 18

1. Metacomponents- higher order processes
2. Performance Components- actual mental processes used to perform a task
3. Knowledge-Acquisition Components- allow learning from experiences

Question 19

Sternberg’s three forms of intelligence

Answer 19

1. Analytical Intelligence: academically-orientated problem-solving skills (traditional intelligence tests)
2. Practical Intelligence: skills needed to cope with everyday demands
3. Creative Intelligence: mental skills needed to deal adaptively with novel problems

Question 20

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences (9)

Answer 20

1. linguistic
2. logical-mathematical
3. visuospatial
4. musical
5. bodily-kinesthetic
6. interpersonal
7. intrapersonal
8. naturalistic
9. existential

Question 21

Emotional Intelligence (4 components)

Answer 21

1. perceiving emotions
2. using emotions to facilitate thought
3. understanding emotions
4. managing emotions

Question 22

Achievement tests

Answer 22

sample how much has learnt

a good predictor of future performance in a similar situation

Question 23

Aptitude tests

Answer 23

solving novel problems.

harder to test for

Question 24

reliability

Answer 24

consistency of measurement

Question 25

validity

Answer 25

how well a test actually measures what it is designed for

Question 26

standardisation

Answer 26

use of norms and rigorously controlled testing procedures

Question 27

Test re-rest (reliability)

Answer 27

administer test to same participants on two or more separate occasions and correlate scores

Question 28

internal consistency (reliability)

Answer 28

all items on a test should measure the same thing | - items should correlate highly with each other

Question 29

inter-judge (reliability)

Answer 29

consistency of measurement when different people score the same test

Question 30

Static testing

Answer 30

traditional approach to testing, emphasises similarity in testing conditions

Question 31

dynamic testing

Answer 31

standard testing is followed up with an interaction with the examiner

Question 32

stereotype threat

Answer 32

the belief that engaging in certain behaviours would confirm a negative stereotype in the minds of others. this evokes anxiety and undermines performance