Intelligence (language, thinking & intelligence)

Question 1

What is intelligence testing, who created it, when was it created and which test is the most popular in Weschler?

Answer 1

• Testing school children
• Binet-France
• In 1916 –> “Stanford-Binet”
• Adult test

Question 2

How is a kid’s IQ calculated? What is the average?

Answer 2

• Mental age/chronological age x 100
• 100

Question 3

How is a adult’s IQ calculated? What is the average?

Answer 3

• Deviation score - you vs others your age
• 100

Question 4

Distribution of IQ follows what?

Answer 4

Normal (bell) curve

Question 5

What does 2% of scores above IQ of 130 equal to?

Answer 5

“Superior”

Question 6

What does 2% of scores below IQ of 70 equal to?

Answer 6

“Development disabilities”

Question 7

What is the “Flynn effect” and what is the average rate?

Answer 7

It’s the IQ scores rising over time. The average weight is 3 IQ points increase per decade

Question 8

What are the requirements for Good Tests and what are they? (3)

Answer 8

• Reliability : get similar scores for each other each time you take the test
• Validity : measures what it is intended to measure
• Standardization : administered the same way to everybody

Question 9

What is the correlation for elementary school, high school, university and graduate school?

Answer 9

Correlation is positive, but declines:
- e.s. : 0,6-0,7
- h. s. : 0.5-0.6
- uni. : 0,4-0,5
- g. s. : 0,3-0,4

*intelligence alone isn’t sufficient enough for academic achievement

Question 10

Most tests are written with what type of people in mind?

Answer 10

White middle-class children/adults

Question 11

What do the studies show? What are the explanations? (2)

Answer 11

• Asian-Africans > Caucasian > Hispanic > African-American
• Genes (G) –> determine intelligence; Env. (E) –> how you are raised

Question 12

What research was done on “Nature vs Nurture” ? (twins) (4)

Answer 12

• MZ twins raised together : IQ’s very similar = G
• DZ twins = less similar
• MZ twins raised apart : IQ scores highly similar = G
• Adoption studies : IQs are more similar to biological parents’ IQs vs adoptive parents

Question 13

What are the factors of E? (3)

Answer 13

• Flynn effect –> unlikely due to G
• Schooling –> little school = poor IQ
• Early intervention –> large initial effects on IQ, then “fade-out” –> other long-term positive effect

Question 14

What are the three main elements of “Nature vs Nurture” ?

Answer 14

• Research
• E factors
• Family size and birth order

Question 15

What are the factors of family size and birth order?

Answer 15

• smaller families, children who are earlier born = higher IQ (small effect)
• preternal factors: alcohol, exposure to lead and prolonged malnutrition lowers IQ of fetus,

Question 16

Is it nature or nurture?

Answer 16

50% due to Nat. (hereditary), 50% is due to Nur. (E)