intentional communication

Question 1

intentional

Answer 1

discernible topic, about something real or conceptual objects/events

e.g. words, pointing, reaching up arms to be picked up

Question 2

pre-intentional

Answer 2

expressive

e.g. crying, babbling, laughing

Question 3

when does intentional communication develop

Answer 3

second half of the first year of life

Question 4

when is the ‘social awakening’

Answer 4

• around 2 months
  become interested in inananimate objects, people and interacting with people

Question 5

when children lose interest in interaction

Answer 5

• half a year
• hand-eye co ordination improves
• become more manipulative - object-focus

Question 6

at 9/10 months

Answer 6

social awakening AND manipulation integrate

• communicate with their interlocutors about things in their env, e.g., fav toy

Question 7

triadic communication

Answer 7

about something

• infant
• carer
• object

Question 8

12 months

Answer 8

• look back and forth between the interlocutor and object
• signals where the attentional focus is between social and physical objects

Question 9

developmental process of communication

Answer 9

0-2 months: infant not really separate from mother - objects exist in environment but are not pulled into relationship

2-6 months: dyadic interaction between baby and mother with other social partners (not necessarily objects)

6 plus months: objects are integrated

Question 10

Experiment development of communication

Answer 10

• prompt baby to look at mid line between 2 dolls through use of speaker
• light comes on above 1 doll
• baby may or may not notice
• 6 months - no pointing
• 12 months - bay notices and points to show mother

Question 11

protoimperative

Answer 11

way of requesting before speech

pointing if want object

Question 12

what kind of communication is pointing to request

Answer 12

protoimperative

directive gesture

Question 13

attention-getting signals

Answer 13

vocalisation to get attention

Question 14

response waiting

Answer 14

gaze directed at mother

Question 15

directive gesture

Answer 15

pointing

Question 16

if unsuccessful through pointing to request

Answer 16

babies repeat/persist and elaborate e.g. banding on table, shouting louder

Question 17

reasoning fro protoimperative - request

(widely agreed upon)

Answer 17

goal: delivery of object

means: social partner

reinforcer: delivery of item

cognitive prerequisite: expectation that social partner will deliver item - based on past experience - means-end reasoning

Question 18

cognitive prerequisite

Answer 18

something the child must already know for this behaviour to occur

Question 19

protodeclaritive - pointing to comment

Answer 19

indicating - as if toe comment

• no specific request for delivery
• HIGHLY DEBATED REASONING

Question 20

Lean interpretation

Answer 20

goal: affective response from caregiver e.g. smiling

reinforcer: emotional signal, smiling

cognitive prerequisites: expectation that social partner will exhibit positive emotion - based on past experience, means-end reasoning

Question 21

Rich interpretation

Answer 21

Goal: joint attention to distal object

reinforcer: successful joint attention

cognitive prerequisite: ability to represent others as having own psychological perspective

Question 22

three theoretical perspectives on pointing

Answer 22

1. nativist
2. cognitive
3. social learning

Question 23

Nativist

Answer 23

• pointing is biological based
• evolutionary adaptation for before speech
• pincer grip is opposite of index point = opposite emotions
• humans have an adaption to point

Question 24

Cognitive

Answer 24

point because they know others are their own social agents
understand that they can see it too

Question 25

Learning Perspective:

Answer 25

Babies exhibit proto declarative pointing because their caregivers reliably respond with intense bursts of positive emotion to the babies’ efforts to communicate E.g. smiling and high-pitch verbalisation (motherese