What is interactionism in sociology?
A micro theory focusing on classroom interactions and meanings.
Why do interactionists criticise Functionalism and Marxism?
They are seen as deterministic and ignore individual agency.
What is determinism?
The idea that behaviour is shaped by forces outside individual control.
What is labelling in education?
When teachers attach definitions or meanings to pupils.
How does labelling affect pupils?
It shapes teacher expectations
What is a self-fulfilling prophecy?
When a teacher’s expectation causes it to become true.
What did Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) find?
Pupils labelled as high potential made greater IQ gains.
What is a self-refuting prophecy?
When a pupil rejects a label and does not fulfil it.
What is setting?
Grouping pupils by ability in one subject.
What is streaming?
Grouping pupils by ability across all subjects.
What did Ball (1981) find about banding?
Middle-class pupils were more likely in higher bands.
What were the effects of lower band placement?
Lower expectations and a less academic curriculum.
What did Keddie (1973) discover about streaming?
Lower streams were denied advanced knowledge.
How did teachers view lower-stream pupils in Keddie’s study?
As less interested and less capable.
What did Gillborn and Youdell (2001) find about setting?
Working-class and Black pupils were more likely placed in lower sets.
Why did lower sets limit achievement?
Pupils were not entered for higher-tier GCSE exams.
What did Hargreaves (1967) find about lower streams?
They formed anti-school subcultures after being labelled.
What are anti-school subcultures?
Groups that reject school values and achievement.
What three groups did Mac an Ghaill (1994) identify?
Macho lads
Who were the macho lads?
Working-class boys who rejected school and failed academically.
Who were the academic achievers?
Working-class boys who were ambitious and pro-school.
Who were the new enterprisers?
Pupils who valued vocational subjects for future jobs.
What is one strength of interactionism?
It uses detailed classroom research.
What is one weakness of interactionism?
It ignores wider structural factors like class and poverty.
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new right set18
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functionalism set18
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social class internal factors23
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social class external factors27
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ethnicity factors in edu25
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gender factors in education43
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student idendities28
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WC sucultures18
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marketisation & privatisation policies24
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vocational education12
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social policy 1870-199730
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globalisation and education26
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positivists & interpretivists29
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questionnaire24
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methods in education26
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interactionism set25
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marxism set28
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feminism set23
