what would stop you from seeing the red reflex when performing the fundoscopic exam
- corneal scars
- cataracts
- blood or pus
in the aqueous or vitreous fluid
an abnormal progressive loss of lens transparency
cataracts
dark pigmentation along the boarder of the optic disc (choroidal crescent) is most often seen in which patients
myopic
the physiologic cup has a high density of capillary beds in the area
FALSE… it is devoid of capillaries giving it a lighter color than the rest of the optic disc
which vessels, emerging from the optic disc, are smaller in diameter and brighter red
arteries
which vessels, emerging from the optic disc, are larger in diameter and darker red
veins
the retina should have a uniformed color and texture
TRUE
more pigmented area on the retina
macula
area that appears as a dot of light in the middle of the macula
fovea
what should you do when you observe papilledema
rule out intracranial pressure as a cause
slow progressive increase of intraocular pressure
glaucoma
fundoscopic finding for papilledema
swollen optic disc with blurry borders
what visual symptoms is associated with advanced chronic glaucoma
tunnel vision
most obvious fundoscopic sign of advanced chronic glaucoma
large white cup
what are the classic examples of diabetes
- frequent urination, hunger, thirst
- weight loss
- bilateral sensory loss of the feet
fundoscopic signs of diabetes
- micro aneurysms
- hard exudates
- soft exudates
- neovascularization
- retinitis proliferans
what are the obvious symptoms of hypertension
- detected with sphygmomanometer and stethoscope
fundoscopic signs of hypertension
- retinal arteriole constriction
- hemorrhages
- papilledema
- silver wiring from sclerosis
is retinal detachment always due to injury
no. it can be cause by aging, vitreous pulls away from retina
who is at greatest risk for retinal detachment
myopic patients over 50 years old
what visual symptoms would indicate possible retinal detachment
- many new floaters in the vitreous
- flashing lights on head movement
- decreased peripheral vision
