Interoperability

Question 1

Interoperability

Answer 1

ability of 2 application systems to exchange information with each other and to use the information that has been exchanged (Winter).

Question 2

Adaptable software, name 5 with 1 most adaptable and 5 less adaptable

Answer 2

1. Legacy software
2. Packaged software (COTS)
3. Open standards (e.g. HL7 FHIR)
4. Open-source
5. bespoke: in-house of outsourced

Question 3

Approaches to interoperability (combination is possible):

Answer 3

1. information-oriented approach
2. business process integration-oriented approach
3. Service-oriented approach (SOA)
4. portal-oriented approach

Question 4

Information-oriented approach =

Answer 4

exchange of simple information

Question 5

information-oriented approach, advantages:

Answer 5

 Few or no changes to systems involved
 Does not require managing state, logic and sequence
 Straightforward and widely used

Question 6

APIs =

Answer 6

set of functions and procedures that specify how software components should interact

Question 7

business process integration-oriented approach, goal:

Answer 7

single model spanning many applications and data stores which “controls” how systems and humans interact

Question 8

Service-oriented approach (SOA)

Answer 8

provides services instead of information –> loose coupling

Question 9

service-oriented approach (SOA), definition:

Answer 9

software architecture for building applications that implement business processes or services by using a set of loosely coupled black-box components orchestrated to deliver a well-defined level of service. (one of the many definitions)

Question 10

features of service-oriented approach (SOA):

Answer 10

• is for building business applications
• is a black-box component architecture
• component is a service
• components are loosely coupled
• components are orchestrated to link together through business processes to deliver a well-defined level of service

Question 11

loose coupling =

Answer 11

a long-standing IT term meaning that the internals of an application or business service must be able to change without impacting client applications. Specifically, a service consumer should not be required to know any more about service than what is contained in the published contract

Question 12

What enables SOA (service-oriented approach)

Answer 12

1. Services
2. Service providers
3. Service consumers
4. service registries
5. service messaging

Question 13

service providers =

Answer 13

provide a service that preforms some business function at the request of the service consumer.

Question 14

service consumers =

Answer 14

developers do not have to design, build or test services; they just use them to accomplish business functions

Question 15

service registries =

Answer 15

provide a mechanism for storing. Managing and accessing service contracts.

Question 16

disadvantages of portal-oriented approach:

Answer 16

 Non automatic information flow between application

Question 17

advantages of portal-oriented approach:

Answer 17

 Noninvasive
 Easier
 Faster to realize

Question 18

middleware =

Answer 18

any type of software that facilitates communication between 2 or more software systems.

Question 19

types of middleware:

Answer 19

• Remote procedure call (RPC)
• Message-oriented middleware (MOM)
• Distributed objects (r.i.p.)
• Database-oriented
• TP Monitors/transaction-oriented (not dead yet…)
• Application servers

Question 20

Remote procedure call (RPC) =

Answer 20

procedure call over network; network hidden for programmer

Question 21

advantages of remote procedure call (RPC):

Answer 21

• Easy to use

Question 22

disadvantages of remote procedure call (RPC):

Answer 22

• Synchronous only
• Language dependent
• Requires much c/s communication

Question 23

Message-oriented middleware (MOM) =

Answer 23

like RCP, but asynchronous: messages are queued

Question 24

advantages of message-oriented middleware (MOM):

Answer 24

• Less bandwidth required
• Other party may be down
• Logging

Question 25

disadvantages of message-oriented middleware (MOM):

Answer 25

* Still requires major changes in applications

Question 26

Distributed objects =

Answer 26

adds object-orientation to RCP

Question 27

advantages of distributed objects:

Answer 27

* Well-defined standards; includes possibilities for asynchronous calls, transactions

Question 28

disadvantages/difficulties of distributed objects:

Answer 28

* Not widely used

Question 29

database-oriented =

Answer 29

facilitates communication with databases

Question 30

transaction criteria of TP Monitors/transaction-oriented:

Answer 30

- Atomicity - Consistency - Isolation - Durability (ACID)

Question 31

application servers =

Answer 31

container for web applications

Question 32

role of XML:

Answer 32

- provides common data-exchange format

Question 33

advantages of XML:

Answer 33

o Everybody supports XML (yet in different ways) o Many, many XML-based standards o Includes middleware vendors (? Or disadvantages??)

Question 34

disadvantages of XML:

Answer 34

o Not memory efficient

Question 35

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) =

Answer 35

a light-weight alternative to XML for data-exchange

Question 36

advantages of JSON:

Answer 36

o Language independent o Most programming languages can easily read it and instantiate objects or some other data structure