subordinate clause
has both a subject and a verb
it cannot stand alone as a complete sentence
independent clause
group of words that contains a subject and a predicate, and can stand alone as a sentence
opening subordinate clause
begins with subordinate, when coming out of quote independent clause
opening participle phrase
one word + quote + subject
don’t make quote the subject
appostive
needs a noun before quote
with no evidence the sentence should be complete