What is the positive to interventional procedures?
Less invasive way to fix a problem
What are the 2 main reasons for vascular intervention?
Reduce or increase blood flow
What occurs to reduce blood flow?
Foreign substance, tissue or blood clot placed into the lumen of a selected vessel
What occurs to increase blood flow?
Percutaneous angioplasty via femoral or coronary arteries.
What are 6 ways to increase blood flow to arteries?
- Percutaeous transluminal angioplasty
- Primary stenting
- Directional coronary arthrectomy
- Percutaneous coronary rotational angioplasty
- Intravascular thrombolysis
- Infusion of vasodilators
What are different types of Vascular Interventional Angiopraghs?
- Balloon angioplasty
- Vascular stent
- Thrombolysis
- Embolization
- Retrieval
- Artherectomy
- Vena Cava Filter Placement
- Transjugular Interhepatic Potosystemic Shunt
What does TIPS stand for?
Transjugular Interhepatic Portosystemic Shunt
What occurs during a balloon angioplasty?
- Enlarge a stenosis of a vessel lumen
- Catheter used has 2 lumen one for guidewire and one for inflation/deflation
- 20-40 seconds for inflation
- Inflation with equal parts contrast and saline
What does the balloon pressing accomplish?
It presses the plaque into the vessel wall and is then withdrawn
What are some complications from angioplasties?
- Tear in artery wall
- Clot formation
- Perforation
- False aneurysm
- Arteriovenous Fistula
- Embolic showering
What is the purpose of a vascular stent?
- Enlarge the lumen of a vessel
- Provide support to hold vessel wall open
- Used as a primary procedure
What are some complications of a stent placement?
- Bleeding
- Infection
- Clot formation
- Premature placement or misplacement of stent
- Vessel Dissection
- Crimping of stent
What occurs within the vessel with the balloon and stent?
The balloon is inflated and it expands the stent. The balloon is then deflated and removed while the stent remains within the vessel.
What is Thrombolysis?
Destruction or lyse of a clot or thrombus.
What is used to destroy a clot or thrombus?
Urokinase with heparin or a bolus injection at the site.
What are some complications from Thrombolysis?
- Infection
- Bleeding
- Clot particles breaking off from vessel and blocking off a distal vessel
What is an Embolization?
Forming a thrombus od blocks flow of blood in a vessel
What substances are used in Embolization?
- Dehydrated alcohol
- Fibered coil
- Boiling Contrast
_ Glue - Gelfoam (squares that were in jar in class)
-Occlusion Balloons
What complications can occur from Embolizations?
- Infections
- Bleeding
- Ichemia
- Embolic agent at the intended site
- Rupture of the vessel
- Causing the clot to move
What occurs during retrieval?
Removal of foreign objects from blood vessels
What types of foreign objects are removed during Retrieval?
-Broken catheter or guidewire
What can happen if a foreign object is not removed during Retrieval?
- The object in venous flow will go to heart and lungs.
- If it passes through the heart it could cause an arrythmia which can cause death
- Arterial flow could cause other obstructions
What devices are used for retrieval?
- Balloon tip retrieval catheters
- Goose-neck snares
- Hook shaped catheters
- Baskets
What are complications from Retrieval?
- Bleeding
- Vessel Perforation
- Thrombosis
- Foreign body dislodges
