4 common nosocomial infections?
- surgical site/wound
- pneumonia (from ventilator associated pneumonia VAP)
- catheter induced infection (UTI)
- bloodstream infections (central line insertion)
- gastointestinal infections (C Diff, MRSA, VRE)
What is Clostridium Difficile (“C Diff”)?
- bacterium that causes mild to severe diarrhea and intestinal conditions
- most frequent cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitals and long term facility care
5 common community acquired infections?
- common cold
- infulenza
- norovirus
- bacterial pneumonia
- hep c
what does asepsis mean?
- free of pathogenic microorganisms
what is medical asepsis?
- inhibits growth and spread of pathogenic microorganisms
- clean technique
what is surgical asepsis?
- destroys all microorganisms and their spores
- sterile technique
what are the 4 most common causes of contamination?
- use of contaminated instruments
- contaminated gloves
- wet or damp sterile field
- microorganisms blown onto surgical site
air pressure in the OR should be greater than the outside T or F?
true
whos involved in a surgical team?(7)
Surgeon Surgical assistant Anesthesiologist Nurse anesthetist Circulating nurse Scrub nurse Imaging Technologist
high level disinfectant?
- Kills vegetative microorganisms and inactivates viruses, but not necessarily high numbers of bacterial spores
- Capable of sterilization when the contact time is relatively long (6-10 hours)
- usually used for relatively short periods of time (10-30 min)
- Usually used on medical devices, but not on surfaces such as laboratory benches or floors.
high level disinfectant examples (4)?
Formaldehyde
Cidex
Hydrogen peroxide
Trifectant
intermediate level disinfectant?
- Kills vegetative microorganisms including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, all fungi and inactivates most viruses
- Commonly used to disinfect laboratory benches and as part of detergent germicides used for housekeeping purposes
Intermediate level disinfectant examples (7)?
- 70% ethyl alcohol
- Isopropyl alcohol
- Sani-Cloth
- Bleach
- Purex
- ChloraPrep
- SoluPrep
Low level disinfectant?
- Kills most vegetative bacteria except M. Tuberculosis, some fungi and inactivates some viruses
- Hospital disinfectants or sanitizers
low level disinfectant examples?
- Pine-Sol
- Lysol
- Providon Iodine (Betadine)
- Parvosol
2 methods of sterilization?
- physical (heat or radiation)
2. chemical
Physical sterilization?
- Heat is the most commonly used method (reliable, easy, economical)
Moist heat: heat under steam pressure (Autoclave)
Dry heat: dry heat ovens
- Filtration
- Radiation
chemical sterilization- gas?
- Ethylene oxide:
Used for materials that cannot withstand steam sterilization - Other oxidants
- Plasma:
Ionized gas: electrically charged and non charged particles
before opening a sterile pack always check what?
- expiration date
- condition of pack
2 kinds of sterile packs?
- cloth wrapped
- commercial packs
what is the purpose of skin prep?
to remove as many microorganisms as possible by mechanical and chemical means to reduce the potential of infection
Chemical Method of Skin Preparation?
- area to be penetrated should be cleaned with an antiseptic solution.
- Once you start to clean the area of interest, do this in a circular motion beginning in the center and working outward.
- Do not cross anything over the area that has been prepped.
- Sterile technique is maintained during the skin prep for sterile procedures!
What kind of Draping is typically used for Sterile Procedure?
- disposible sterile cloth towel
- sometimes fenestrated drape
Removing and Reapplying Dressings?
