Briefing Items
- Threats
- Maintenance status
- Departure clearance
- Fuel plan
- Weather & Windshear
- NOTAMs
- Taxi plan & hot spots
- Takeoff performance
- Departure SID review
- Terrain & obstacles
- Engine failure procedures
- Rejected takeoff criteria
- Evacuation duties
Normal fuel burn at cruise (per hour)
6,000 lbs per hour
Normal fuel burn at cruise (per minute)
100 lbs per minute
Planned landing fuel
6,000 lbs
What does planned landing fuel include
45m + 15m
Max endurance speed & altitude
210 knots at 10,000 feet
Minimum runway required for landing
5,000 ft
Use minutes or hours when discussing time?
Minutes
Who invented CRM
United after 727 ran out of gas going into PDX
What is CRM
CRM focuses on the behavioral skills used to effectively communicate and manage resources.
My words:
Skills to communicate effectively and manage resources
What is TEM
Threat and Error Management
TEM promotes vigilance versus complacency by implementing an active, continuous process of identifying and preparing for threats and identifying and repairing errors at the earliest opportunity.
My words:
An active and continuous process of identifying and preparing for threats and identifying and fixing errors.
What are Threats
Operational events that are outside of the crewmember’s influence, increase operational complexity, and require increased attention to maintain safety margins.
What are Errors
Deviations from desired performance due to neglected or improper procedures.
Alternative wording:
Actions or inactions that lead to deviations from expected performance.
What is UAS
Undesired Aircraft State
A position, attitude, condition, or configuration of an aircraft that reduces safety margins.
It is a safety-compromising state that results from ineffective error management.
United Error Categories
- Unintentional
- Intentional
CRM / TEM Skills
List of skills
- Communication
- Situational Awareness
- Leadership Effectiveness
- Workload Management
- Automation Management
- Monitor and Crosscheck
- Planning and Decision Making
Debrief
For one good thing and one bad thing:
- Pick event (departure, approach, go around)
- Why (Pick CRM / TEM skill)
- Would you do it differently next time
FAA Holding Speeds (Not New York or DC)
<= 6000: 200 kts
6000 - 14,000: 230 kts
>14,000: 265 kts
FAA Holding Speeds around New York and DC
<= 6000: 200 kts
6000 - 14,000: 210 kts
>14,000: 265 kts
core4
Safe
Caring
Efficient
Dependable
TEM Model
- Safe Operations
- Threats
- Errors
- UAS
- Incident / Accident
CRM / TEM used to:
PREPARE for threats
REPAIR errors
RECOVER from UAS
