Who was William II
- fled Germany on November 9, 1918
- abdicated the country
- sought refuge in the Netherlands
- ultimately caused the second empire to fall
Who was Fredrick Ebert?
- head of the social democratic party
- influential group within France
- became the head of Germany after William II fled
- Proclamation of a parliamentary republic
what threat did the parliamentary republic face?
A threat fro the far left, which was the sparticist revolt
What was the sparticist revolt?
- against the proclamation of a parliamentary republic
- Revolutionary Marxists (Communists)
- wanted an immediate socialism
- wanted a worker state
- wanted an immediate socialism
- Overthrow the capitalist regime
Who succeeded in putting down the sparticist revolt?
- Freikorps,, (right wing, ultraconservative, paramilitary organizations
t
What was the political revolution of 1918?
–resulted in the proclamation of a parliamentary republic that ended in a democratic nature
- during this change, the social order remained
- the change from monarchy to a republic did not necessarily make changes to this order
- incomplete revolution, only limited to the political sphere
What was the weimar constitution? What was its components?
It was a parliamentary democracy. It included the reichstag and the executive branch
What was the Reichstag?
-german parliament or legislature
- two housed
- deputies were based on universal suffrage and secret ballots
- women were guaranteed the right to vote
- based on universal suffrage
What was the executive branch?
- chancellor and his cabinet
- equivalent to a prime minister
- needed the vast majority of Reichstag for support
- president above the chancellor
- elected be popular vote
- elected to a seven year term
- could issue laws without them being passed by the Reichstag
What system was the weimar constitution based on?
proportional representation. it was often unstable due to coalition’s being formed to fill in seats. they often disagreed which caused the needed for another coalition
Who was the first president under the Weimar Republic?
Fredrick Ebert
What is the Kapp Putch?
- armed revolt
- far right trying to take power
- immediate cause was to dismantle the Freikorps
- thought they were a threat to the wealth of the government
- well trained army units
- one of units marched into Berlin
- Berlin people launched as strike against them
- turned off utilities, stopped transportation
- Forced the Kapp out, causing the Putsch to fail
- Weimer people will come back in and restore power
Who was the Kapp Putsch?
-wolfgang kapp
- wanted to take power and make an authoritarian regime
- no program to offer
- declared himself chancellor as Germany
- Weimer republic did not want to fight
Did the German Government fault again? On what?
-yes, reparation
What happened when the Germans faltered on their reparations?
- rance would send in an army along with Belgium
- Franco-Belgian occupation of the Ruhr
- was lead by the french primer: Raymond Poincare
- didn’t work
- Germany responded by factory workers to engage in passive resistance
- no factory was working
- caused run away inflammation, causing their economy to collapse
- German marc plummeted in value
- Germany responded by factory workers to engage in passive resistance
What did Gustav Streseman do?
- became chancellor and stopped passive resistance
- A team of economic planners would come solve germany’s economic problems which was the Dawes plan
What was the Dawes plan?
-was lead by the Charles Dawes
- ended the ruhr crisis
- recognized germany’s finances
- returned to a healthy foundation
- reduced the amount of reparation that germany would pay
- extended the time frame
- american loans to germany
- called for the withdrawl of french and belgium troops of ruhr
What would happen to Paul von Hindenburg after the Charles Darwin plan
- would become president
- contribute to the stability of republic
- supported to principles of weimar public
- was not always in tune with his government
- contribute to the stability of republic
Who was adolf hitler?
-served in germany for wwi
-returned to Munich and became associated with the national socialist German worker’s party, the nazi party which causes the emergence of Fascist party
What are the characteristics of fascism
- Emergence of a Fascist Party
- Characteristics of Fascism
- Right-Winged
- Aggressive nationalism
- one party dictatorship
- Glorification of violence
- War
- Worship of the state
- cult of the leader
- anti-communist
- left-winged
- Antisemitic
- not typical of fascist parties
What was the beer hall putsch in Munich?
it was lead by hitler to take power legally, but it failed. hitler ended up getting arrested and jailed for several months
What were the S.A. or Brownshirts?
they were a part of a private army, which was part of the nazi army. The head would Ernst rohm
What was the Great Depression in Germany?
- Germany had depended on American loans for prosperity
- unemployment rose from half a million to more than 6 million
- At January 1933, 34% of people were unemployed
- Weimar republic began to be seen in inadequate
- People looked for more extreme governments
What happened in the July 1932 Reichstag election?
- Nazi party won 412 seats out of 608
- became the single largest party in the German legislature
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Early Eighteenth Century Europe29
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Mid-Eighteenth Century War in Europe16
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The Age of Enlightenment21
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Enlightenment Despotism15
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China 1644-182018
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Napoleon Bonaparte14
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The French Revolution36
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Extra terms for Examination One17
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Romanticism14
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France 1814-184819
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France 1848-187121
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German Unification21
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Nineteenth Century China19
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Nineteenth Century Japan17
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Great Britain20
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Extra Terms for Exam 211
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Origins of World War I16
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World War I37
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Paris Peace Conference17
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Interwar France16
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Interwar Germany29
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China 1912-194923
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Origins of WWII16
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Extra Terms for Examination three11
