This fhr is detected through the maternal abdominal wall
UTZ doppler principle
Possible causes of fetal bradycardia
Congenital heart block
Fetal compromise
Maternal hypothermia
Severe pyelonephritis
Possible causes of fetal tachycardia
Maternal fever Maternal infection Fetal compromise Cardiac arrhythmias Atropine Terbutaline
Increased variability are due to
Fetal breathing
Body movements
Advancing gestation
Abrupt changes in rate
Variable decelaration
Variable deceleration is caused by
Cord compression
This is an alternative or scalp stimulation
Scalp stiumlation
Management options with fetal distress
Amnioninfusion
Category 1 normal
Fhr 110-160
Variability 6-25
Late or variable deceleration are absent
Early deceleration and acceleration are present or absent