Pathology I > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

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1
Q

Definitions!

A
  1. Pathology = study of disease
  2. Disease = deviation from normal structure/function
    >(-/+) clinical signs
    >known/unknown cause
    >whole bod or parts
  3. Etiology = cause
  4. Pathogenesis = seq of events from initial stim to expression of disease
  5. Molecular & morphologic changes = biochem & structural alterations induced in cells & organs of bod
  6. Clinical manifestations = CS from abnormal affected tissue
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2
Q

Describe the 5 pathological processes.

A
  1. Degen/necrosis
  2. Inflammation & repair
  3. Circ disorder
  4. Disorder of growth
  5. Deposits & pigmentations
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3
Q

Describe general pathology VS systemic pathology.

A
  1. General
    -5 pathological process by various stimuli
    -applies to all cells/tissues/organs
  2. Systemic
    -system specific disease process
    -builds on main pathological process
    -unique response to injury of each tissue
    -specific disease for each system/species
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4
Q

Describe pathological processes VS potential etiologies.

A
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5
Q

Describe diagnosis, disease name, & lesion.

A
  1. Diagnosis = statement/conclusion of nature, cause, name of disease
    >prediction of prognosis
  2. Disease name = host, morphology, cause of disease
    >differential diagnoses (DDx) - list of possible or suspected diseases
    >definitive diagnosis - confirmed via tests
  3. Lesion = morphological change in tissue during disease
    >morphologic diagnosis (MDx) = pathological process, location, distribution, duration, severity
    >etiologic diagnosis (Edx) = pathological process, location, cause
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6
Q

Describe pathognomic lesions.

A

*characteristics of a specific disease

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7
Q

Describe clinical pathology VS anatomic pathology.

A
  1. Clinical pathology
    -biochem, cytology, blood smear, fluid analysis
  2. Anatomic pathology
    -biopsies, autopsies/necropsies
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8
Q

Describe the role of pathologists in diagnostic investigations.

A

-ID lesions
-determine clinical sig
-etiology, pathogenesis, differentials
-confirmatory diagnostics

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9
Q

Describe description VS morphological Dx.

A
  1. Description
    -describes
    -objective
  2. MDx
    -interpretation
    -subjective conclusions
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10
Q

Describe the features of a description.

A
  1. Location
  2. Distribution
  3. Shape
  4. Number
  5. Size (ratio, metric units)
  6. Color
  7. Consistency
  8. Margins/surface
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11
Q

Describe distribution.

A

-focal, multi focal, diffuse, locally extensive
-% est of total tissue affected
-miliary = recent emboli shower (acute)
-transmural (thru wall)
-route of spread
>multi focal = embolic/hematogenous
>locally extensive = local into via penetrating wound or anatomic pathway
-symmetrical = systemic/metabolic cause of lesion (toxic)

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12
Q

Describe shape.

A
  1. Geometric = lesion involves vasculature
  2. Straight lines = lesion follows anatomic structure
  3. Raised = something added
  4. Depressed = something lost (necrosis) or tissue is contracted (CT)
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13
Q

Describe color.

A
  1. Red = hemorrhage (focal), congestion (diffuse/patchy)
  2. White = leukocytes, necrosis, Ca, keratin, fibrin, CT, urates, lipid, bone
  3. Yellow = leukocytes, bilirubin, fat, fibrin
  4. Green = bile pigment, eosinophils, algal, fungal
  5. Black = melanin, fluke pigment, exogenous pigment (C), decomposition
  6. Translucent = mucous, parasite cysts
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14
Q

Describe consistency.

A
  1. Spreadable = necrosis & exudate
  2. Not spreadable = viable tissue & cells
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15
Q

Describe margins.

A
  1. Well demarcated
    -lesion represents diff tissue
    -infarcts
    -chronic lesion w fibrous capsule
  2. Poorly demarcated
    -lesion & tissue adjacent similar
    -gradual infiltration into normal tissue
    -poorly contained
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16
Q

Describe surface.

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A
  1. Elevated
    -fluid = blood, transudates, exudates, oedema, urine
    -cells = hyperplasia, neoplasia, inflammation
    -stroma = cartilage, bone
  2. Depressed
    -atrophy, necrosis
  3. Flat
    -recent
17
Q

Describe the features of a MDx.

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A
  1. Organ
  2. Pathological process
  3. Distribution
  4. Duration (acute, subacute, chronic)
  5. Severity (mild, moderate, severe)
    not needed when you have disorders of growth
18
Q

Describe underlying pathological processes.

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A
  1. Disturbance of growth
    -congenital abnormalities, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, hypoplasia, neoplasia
  2. Circulatory
    -congestion, hemorrhage
  3. Inflammatory
    -suppurative or not, granulomatous, pyogranulomatous, proliferative
  4. Degen
    -necrosis, apoptosis, atrophy
  5. Pigmentary
    -exogenous & endogenous
19
Q

Describe additional modifiers for inflammatory lesions.

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A

(Pyo-)Granulomatous
Catarrhal
Fibrinous
Ulcerative
Hemorrhagic
Suppurative
Necrotizing*
Proliferative
Eosinophilic*
Lymphocytic*

20
Q

Examples.

Pathology I
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