Intro

Question 1

give some examples of ancillary tests that are not usually done in food animal

Answer 1

CBC/chem, blood gas

Question 2

what 3 basic things can a PCV/TP tell us?

Answer 2

anemia status, hydration status, inflammation present

Question 3

what are 3 things on a leukogram that indicate poor prognosis?

Answer 3

• persistent neutropenia
• degenerative left shift
• severe persistent leukocytosis

Question 4

what is normal cow blood pH?

Answer 4

7.4

Question 5

for metabolic aclkalosis:
- out of these: pH, H+, CO2, HCO3, which are high and which are low?
- what is the compensatory action?
- when do we see this condition normally?

Answer 5

-pH is high, H+ is low, CO2 is unaffected, HCO3 is high
- compensatory is respiratory acidosis (breathe slooooow=acidoooosis) to try and conserve CO2
- when do we see it? with digestive disturbances

Question 6

please (JK YOU HAVE NO CHOICE) explain paradoxic aciduria

Answer 6

There’s a lot of H+ in the abomasum, which gets exchanged OUT of the abomasum for potassium. So now chloride and potassium are hanging out in the abomasum, resulting in a hypokalemia and a hypochloremia. In the kidney: sodium usually has chloride to be buddies with. When chloride isn’t there, the kidney says “I need to retain sodium, and in exchange for that extra sodium I’m reabsorbing, I’m gonna pee out all the H+ I stole from the abomasum!” creating acidic urine while metabolic alkalosis is happening

Question 7

for respiratory alkalosis:
- out of these: pH, H+, CO2, HCO3, which are high and which are low?
- what is the compensatory action?
- when do we see this condition normally?

Answer 7

• pH is high, H+ is low, CO2 is low, HCO3 is NA
• compensatory action: metabolic acidosis aka pee out bicarb
• when do we see it? hyperventilation, hypoexemia, CHF, severe anemia (think about when the animal is not oxygenating well and increases it’s resp rate, leading to low CO2)

Question 8

for respiratory acidosis:
- out of these: pH, H+, CO2, HCO3, which are high and which are low?
- what is the compensatory action?
- when do we see this condition normally?

Answer 8

• pH is low, H+ is high, CO2 is high, HCO3 NA
• compensatory action: metabolic alkalosis aka kidneys retain bicarb
• when do we see it? URO such as aspiration pneumonia, pneumonia, laryngeal edema, or breathing under anesthetic (CO2 is building up, not breathing it off enough)

Question 9

for metabolic acidosis:
- out of these: pH, H+, CO2, HCO3, which are high and which are low?
- what is the compensatory action?
- when do we see this condition normally?

Answer 9

• pH is low, H+ is high, CO2 NA, HCO3 is low
• compensatory: respiratory alkalosis, hyperventilation
• when do we see it? either gain of acid or loss of bicarb

Question 10

what is the most common electrolyte derangement in adult cattle? what causes it (generally)?

Answer 10

hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis: loss of chloride rich fluids or sequestrain of fluids in the GI tract

Question 11

what is the best way to rehydrate the cow?

Answer 11

oral cystalloid fluids