What does the somatic part of the PNS control?
Voluntary movements
What does the autonomic part of the PNS control?
Involuntary movements/functions of organs and glands
What are the 2 divisions of the motor part of the autonomic PNS? What do they do?
Sympathetic - prepares body for emergencies
Parasympathetic - Controls body during non-emergencies
What does afferent mean?
Carries sensory info from receptors to CNS
What does efferent mean?
Carries motor commands from CNS to peripheral tissues/systems
What is a collection of neuronal cell bodies called in the CNS? PNS?
CNS = nuclei
PNS = ganglion
What is the myelin sheath formed by in CNS? PNS?
CNS = oligodendrocytes
PNS = Schwann cells
What is the function of the myelin sheath?
- Form insulation around axon
- Speed up transmission of electrical impulses along nerve fibers
Myelinated = rapid transmission of nerve impulse
What are the gaps in the myelin sheath called?
Nodes of Ranvier
What is a synapse?
Point of contact with an axon terminal of another nerve/target cell to transmit nerve impulses via chemical neurotransmitters
What are the 2 classes of cells? What are their functions?
Neurons - generates, transmits & integrates nerve impulses
Neuroglial cells - protect/support neurons & form the connective tissue of the nervous system
What are the neuroglial cells and where are they located?
PNS = Schwann cells & satellite cells
CNS = oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells
What is white matter composed of?
Aggregates of myelinated fibers
What is grey matter composed of?
Collections of neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, etc.
In the cerebral cortex where is the white/grey matter located?
Grey = outside
White = inside
In the spinal cord where is the white/grey matter located?
Grey = inside
White = outside
What are the layers of the spinal nerve?
Epineurium: outer connective tissue surrounds
Perineurium: connective tissue surrounding fascicles (bundles of nerves)
Endoneurium: connective tissue surrounding axons of nerves found in perineurium
Where is the cell body located in sensory, motor and cortical neurons?
Sensory = pseudounipolar (cell body in the middle pf the axon)
Motor/cortical = cell body at one extremity
Where is the nucleus found in sensory/motor neurons?
Sensory = in the middle
Motor = off to the side (not in center)
What are bundles of axons called in the CNS/PNS?
CNS = axon tracts
PNS = nerve
What are the characteristics of dorsal root ganglia?
- Somatic
- Cell bodies of sensory neurons
- Pseudounipolar
- Nuclei in the center
- Somas surrounded by satellite cells
What are the characteristics of autonomic ganglia?
- Sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia
- Cell bodies of motor neurons
- Multipolar neurons (1 axon with dendrites extending from cell body)
- Nuclei not in middle of cell
- Satellite cell sheath less apparent
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Intro22
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Development and meninges43
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Dural sinuses, ventricles & CSF38
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Arterial & venous systems25
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Spinal cord69
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Sensory Axons And PNS43
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Special senses 1132
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Special sense 2 - visual sense83
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Cranial nerves V and VII60
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Cranial nerves IX, X, XI33
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Brainstem nuclei65
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Cerebrum94
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Cerebellum70
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Basal ganglia47
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Limbic system86
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Pituitary gland, hypothalamus and pineal gland67
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Pain lecture54
