INTRO

Question 1

What are the top 5 causes of death?

Answer 1

• dementia and Alzheimer’s
• ischaemic heart disease
• cerebrovascular diseases
• chronic lower respiratory diseases
• lung cancer

= account for 41% of all deaths registered in E&W in 2015

Question 2

Main cause of death?

Answer 2

Dementia and Alzheimer’s

Replaced ischaemic heart disease

Question 3

What are the leading causes of death by gender?

Answer 3

Ischaemic heart disease: 13.7% of all male deaths

Dementia and Alzheimer’s: 15.6% of all female deaths

Question 4

What are the socioeconomic impacts of morbidity and mortality?

Answer 4

• CVD costs UK £19 billion pa
• resp disease costs UK £11 billion pa
• NHS costs, days off work, etc

Question 5

What are some types of CVD and their causes?

Answer 5

• coronary HD and heart failure
• hypertension, vascular disease and atherosclerosis
• thrombosis

CAUSES

• genetics
• age
• lifestyle: diet, obesity, smoking

Question 6

What are some times of respiratory disease and their causes?

Answer 6

• lung cancer
• asthma
• COPD & interstitial lung disease (scarring (fibrosis) by asbestos)
• infections (pneumonia, TB, etc)

Causes:

• genetics
• age
• allergy (predisposed to asthma)
• infection
• smoking (modifiable)

Question 7

What is coronary HD (ischaemic HD) caused by?

Answer 7

• lack of supply of o2 to myocardial tissue
• smoking
• inactivity
• obesity

Question 8

What increases with affluence?

Answer 8

The probability of suffering from CVD, as a country’s average life expectancy also increases

Question 9

What are the stats on obesity in Europe?

Answer 9

1/4 adults

1/5 children aged 10 to 11

Question 10

What does obesity increase?

Answer 10

Increases mortality and death due to IHD, stroke, cancer & respiratory diseases

Question 11

What amount of deaths are estimated to be attributable to smoking?

Answer 11

36% of deaths for respiratory diseases att to smoking

54% of death for cancer att to smoking

Question 12

Describe a pharmacological treatment for smoking

Answer 12

CHAMPIX -

Blocks nicotine receptors in the brain and reduces cravings for smoking

= effective

Question 13

What is flow?

Answer 13

Change in pressure /resistance

Question 14

What is airway resistance? RAW

Answer 14

Alveolar pressure - mouth pressure / airflow at mouth