Intro

Question 1

• Understand the different anatomical and physiological characteristics of a child.
• Recognise the range of pathologies that are unique to childhood and those that have their onset in childhood.
• Highlight the changing nature of child health presentations
• Identify the common inpatient and outpatient presentations
• Discuss Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Answer 1

Anatomical and physiological differences

Growth charts

Recognition of normality

Question 2

Growth chart consists of how many centile lines + name each centile

Answer 2

9

0.4th
2nd
9th
25th
50th - AVERGAE
75th
91st
98th
99.6th

Question 3

Physiological differences of children compared to adults

Answer 3

Lower surface area:volume
Lower water content
Lower metabolic reserves, e.g. glycogen, fat
Higher HR + RR
Lower BP

Question 4

Pathologies that are unique to childhood

Answer 4

Ketotic hypoglycaemia
Abdominal migraine
Bronchiolitis 
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Croup
Enuresis
Febrile convulsion
Glue ear
Intraventricular haemorrhage
Necrotising enterocolitis
Non accidental injury
Sudden unexplained death of infants (SID)
Vesico-ureteric reflux
Toddler's diarrhoea
Viral induced wheeze

Question 5

Chronic conditions with childhood onset

Answer 5

Asthma (--> COPD)
Autism
Cerebral palsy
Cystic fibrosis
Gastroschisis
Hirschsprungs disease
Spina bifida

Question 6

Commonest acute presentations of children in A&E

Answer 6

Acute LRTI
Asthma
Bronchiolitis
Croup
Febrile convulsions
Fever of unknown cause
Gastroenteritis
URTI
Vomiting 
Wheeze

Question 7

How are most kids managed in acute presentations

Answer 7

WATCH + WAIT