What are the divisions of the Nervous system?
CNS
PNS
What are the divisions of the PNS?
Somatic division
Visceral division (autonomic nervous system)
Describe the ANS
Composed of the nerves, that travel to smooth and cardiac muscle
Describe the features of the muscles affected by the ANS
- Involuntary muscle
- Muscles possess autorhythmicity
- Regulates rate which organs work
What are the division of the ANS
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Describe the features of the parasympathetic division of the ANS
- nerves originate from brain and spinal cord
- more active doing rest and restoration of body’s energy stores
- PS nerves increase body functions, such as digestion and waste elimination
Describe the features of a sympathetic division of the ANS
- nerves, originate from thoracic and lumbar, spinal nerves
- produces fight or flight reaction
- great energy expenditure
- All sympathetic nerves are activated when this division is stimulated
Describe peripheral autonomic nerves
- branches of cranial and spinal nerves
- travel to cardiac and smooth muscle of the internal organs
What are preganglionic nerve fibers?
Neurons that emerge from the CNS
What are postganglionic nerve fibers?
Nerve fibers that travel to the internal organ from the ganglion
What is the pharmacological difference between the sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves?
At the parasympathetic nerves the neurotransmitter ACH is released at the ganglia and postganglionic nerve endings
While at the sympathetic nerves ACH is released at the ganglia, and norepinephrine is released at the Postganglionic nerve endings
What are cholinergic receptors? Name them
These are receptors on the surface of cells that activate when they bind to acetylcholine
Types:
-Muscarinic (Nn)
-Nicotinic (Nm)
What are muscarinic receptors? Describe them
Ligand gated G protein coupled, receptors in the cell membranes of certain neurons and other cells
Located on the cell membranes of visceral organs and glands
Involved in peristalsis, micturition, bronchoconstriction, and other parasympathetic reactions
What are nocotinic receptors?
Name the types
Channel protein produces an excitatory effects upon binding with acetylcholine
Function within the CNS and neuromuscular junction
Nicotinic nerve receptors (Nn)
Nicotinic muscle receptors (Nm)
Describe nicotinic nerve receptors (Nn)
They are located at the parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia
Describe nicotinic muscle receptors (Nm)
Located on cell membranes of skeletal muscle
What are adrenergic receptors? Name them
Cell surface glycoprotein that bind to catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine
- Alpha
- Beta
Name the types of alpha and beta adrenergic receptors
Alpha-1
Alpha -2
Beta -1
Beta -2
