Introduction

Question 1

What are Arthropod-borne viruses?

Answer 1

• “Arboviruses”
• Maintained in nature principally, or to important extent, through biological transmission between susceptible vertebrate hosts by hematophagous arthropods

Question 2

What are the Mosquitoes-borne viruses of significant public health importance?

Answer 2

• West Nile
• Chikungunya
• Zika
• Dengue Fever
• Yellow Fever
• Japanese Encephalitis

Question 3

What factors are associated with Vector-Borne Disease Transmission?

Answer 3

• International Travel
• Breakdown of Public Health Measures
  
  • discontinuation of Mosquito Control Efforts
• International Commerce
• Microbial Adaptation (Viral Evolution)
• Human Demographics
  
  • human behavior
• Economic Development
  
  • Land use

Question 4

What is West Nile Virus?

Answer 4

• First isolated in 1937 in Uganda
• Family: Flaviviridae

Question 5

What are the viruses in the Japanese encephalitis serocomplex?

Answer 5

• Japanese encephalitis
• Kunjin
• Murray Valley encephalitis
• St. Louis encephalitis
• Stratford
• Kokobera
• Alfuy
• Usutu

Question 6

What is the West Nile virus Transmission Cycle?

Answer 6

• Primarily transmitted between Culex species mosquitoes and birds
  
  • 330 sp of birds species
  • 65 sp of mosquitos species
  • 36 animal species
• Humans - Dead End host
• Horses - Dead End Host

Question 7

What are the Clinical Manifestations of West Nile Virus in Humans?

Answer 7

• Febrile, Influenza-like illness with abrupt onset
  
  • Moderate to high fever
• headache, sore throat, backache
• myalgia, fatigue, rash
• lymphadenopathy

Question 8

What is the prevelance of West Nile Virus?

Answer 8

• ~1.5 million cases
  
  • 82% are asymptomatic
• Of the 18% that show symptoms
  
  • West Nile Fever 52.8%
  • Meningitis / Encephalitis 43%
  • Fatal 4.2%

Question 9

What are the Transmission cycles of Chikungunya virus?

Answer 9

• African Sylvatic cycle:
  
  • Monkey ⇢ Mosquito ⇢ Monkey…….
• Urban Cycle
  
  • Monkey ⇢ Mosquito ⇢ Humans …..