Introduction

Question 1

What is paediatric dentistry?

Answer 1

• Practice, teaching and research into comprehensive therapeutic oral health care for children from birth to adolescence
• Includes care for children who demonstrate intellectual, medical, physical, psychological and/or emotional problems

Question 2

Name 9 types of dentistry paediatrics includes

Answer 2

1. Restorative care (routine and advanced)
2. Oral surgery
3. Oral medicine
4. Endodontics (primary and permanent teeth)
5. Periodontics
6. Prosthetics
7. Trauma
8. Orthodontics
9. Dental anomalies

Question 3

Why is paediatric endodontics important?

Answer 3

Requires specialist care as the apex of permanent roots are not usually formed if endodontics are required

Question 4

Name 2 reasons paediatric prosthetics may be necessary

Answer 4

1. Dysplasia

2. Severe hypodontia

Question 5

Name 3 reasons paediatric orthodontics may be necessary

Answer 5

1. Ectopic canines
2. Hypodontia
3. Supernumerary teeth

Question 6

Name 6 types of prevention in paediatric dentistry

Answer 6

1. Cancer
2. Anxiety / phobia
3. Trauma
4. Erosion
5. Periodontal disease
6. Symptoms e.g pain and infection

Question 7

What is primary prevention?

Answer 7

Aims to protect healthy people from developing a disease

Question 8

What is secondary prevention?

Answer 8

Aims to limit impact of disease at any early stage

Question 9

What is tertiary prevention?

Answer 9

Focuses on managing complications and long term health problems

Question 10

Describe primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of caries in children

Answer 10

Primary - Keeping children’s teeth healthy before disease occurs
Secondary - Limiting impact of caries at early stage
Tertiary - Rehabilitation of decayed teeth with further preventative care

Question 11

Name 5 ways primary prevention of dental caries in children is carried out

Answer 11

1. Dental health education (population and community based)
2. Oral hygeine instruction
3. Diet
4. Fluoride (systemic and topical)
5. Fissure sealants

Question 12

Name 3 ways secondary and tertiary prevention of dental caries in children is carried out

Answer 12

1. Diagnosis of carious lesions
2. Management of carious lesions
3. Re-restoration

Question 13

Describe registration, review and recall of new paediatric patients

Answer 13

Registration - Ideally when teeth erupt but before 1st birthday
Review - Depends on clinical treatment
Recall - All patients at least anually

Question 14

Name 4 reasons to prevent dental caries and restore children’s teeth

Answer 14

1. Pain
2. Infection
3. Malocclusions
4. Aesthetics

Question 15

Name 4 challenges of paediatric dentistry

Answer 15

1. Basic problem of dental caries
2. Special child
3. Specialist paediatric dentistry
4. Deliver of service

Question 16

Describe decay in primary teeth

Answer 16

• NI worst in the UK
• Little improvement since 1993
• Deprivation more likely to lead to decayed teeth

Question 17

Name 3 certain groups of people which present specific problems to paediatric dentistry

Answer 17

1. Very young (under 5 years old)
2. Anxious
3. Medically compromised

Question 18

Name 5 types of specialist paediatric dentistry

Answer 18

1. Supernumerary teeth
2. Delayed eruption
3. Hypodontia
4. Structural defects (developmental or acquired)
5. Trauma

Question 19

Describe the delivery of service of paediatric dentistry

Answer 19

• GDC primary care is under the NHS
• Specialist paediatric dental practice
• Community dental service (provision varies with some specialists)
• Hospital dental service (consultant led)

Question 20

What is necessary to discuss when talking about consent?

Answer 20

• Must be written and informed
• Obtained for each course of treatment
• Discuss what treatment will involve, risks and benefits, alternative options
• Always answer questions honestly

Question 21

Who can give consent?

Answer 21

• Everyone >16 years is presumed competent unless otherwise demonstrated
• If a child <16 has sufficient understanding and intelligence to enable them to understand they are competent for consent
• A child not able to give consent someone with parental responsibility may do so on their behalf

Question 22

Who has parental responsibility?

Answer 22

• Usually the child’s birth parents
• Always the child’s mother
• The father if married to the mother, named on birth certificate, or agreed to it through a court order or parental responsibility agreement
• Legally appointed guardian
• HSCT is child subject to care
• Person named in a residence order in respect to child