Benefits of POAC?
- enable problems to be anticipated
- enable all investigations to be complete and available at the time of admission
- Reduces cancellation
- Promotes efficient bed usage
- Enables the plans to be communicated to patient and family
What is the dilution of adrenaline for routine use?
1 in 1000 diluted in 100ml n.saline which will be 10mcg/ml
What are the 3 main blood borne viruses?
Hep B
Hep C
HIV
Routes of exposure to blood borne viruses?
Blood in contact with broken skin
Percutaneous - Needle stick Injury
Blood contact with mucous membranes
Mis-selection of drug from a tray is an example of what type of error?
Modal classification
Psychological error describes?
The underlying reason for the error rather than describing the event
1/3 of errors lead to an observed adverse effect?
True
Life threatening medication errors have been found in 1% of cases ?
True
Identify important anatomy of the airway?
- Palatoglossal arch
- Uvula
- Soft palate
- Palatopharyngeal arch
- Posterior wall of oropharynx
See image attached
What abnormalities could make management of airway difficult?
- Receding chin
- High arched palate
- Small mouth
- Large tongue
- Facial hair
- Poor dentition & loose teeth
List acquired abnormalities of airway making intubation difficult?
- Tumours
- Burns
- Abscess
- Radiotherapy induced changes
- Restrictive scars
- TMJ disease - limited MO
List the effects of GA on the oropharynx?
- Reduced airway muscle tone
- UA obstruction due to tongue
- Adenotonsillar hypertrophy
How can airway obstruction be relived?
- Jaw thrust & chin lift
- OPA/NPA
- LMA / ETT
- Lt lateral position
What is the function of the nose ?
- humidification - Near 100%
- filtration
- Warming
- olfactory function
- Resonator for speech
What is the lining of the nasal cavity?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Other structures lining the nasal cavity?
- Mucous glands
- serous glands
What is the function of the cilia and mucous ?
Wafts particulate matter towards the nasopharynx
