personality
- pattern of ABC
- set of psychological traits and mechanisms within the individual
- organized, relatively enduring
- influences interactions with/adaptions to environment
1. intrapsychic (happens in mind), physical, social environment
2. shaped by genetics, parents, peers, birth order, culture - important in all forms of relationships
set of personality traits
- average tendencies of a person
- “how do they generally act, what us their predictable aspect?”
- how are we different from one another? (e.g. not everyone is courageous, but that is a good thing - we want variability for human evolution
psychological mechanism
- info gets processed through filter of who we are
- maybe this filter allows them to spew out a certain B
- refer to notebook page 1
where do we see personality
- social interation
- social media use
- choice of product, brand and features
- offices and bedrooms
- physical appearance and mannerisms
- other
measuring personality
- some traits can predict more easily than others
- BUT people act differently in different situations
- includes other people and surrounding environment
person-situation debate
- stable personality traits predict more easily than others
- situation is more important - personality does not really exists (Stanley Milgram’s experiment)
interaction
- both influence B
- person and situation work together in various ways to determine B
person-situation debate: factors
- personality can be impacted by experiences
- people respond differently to the same situation
- people choose their situations
- people change the situations they enter
refer to examples in slide 12 of powerpoint
personality levels analysis
human nature
- need to belong, capacity for love
individual and group differences
- variation in need to belong (ind. diffs) - males more likely to be aggressive (group diffs)
individual uniqueness
- unique way of expressing love, aggression, emotions
human nature
- how we are “like all others”
- traits and mechanisms of personality that are typical of our species
individual differences
- ways in hich each person is like some other people
- e.g. cultural or age differences, individualistic vs collectivistic
individual uniqueness
- how we are like no others
gaps in the field
- grand theories of personality - human nature level of analysis
- contemporary research in personality - individual and group differences level of analysis
domains - dispositional
how individuals differ from another
- cut across all other domains
interested in
- origin of individual differences
- how these develop over time
focus on nb and nature of fundamental dispotions
dispositional domain - traits
- traits as internal causal properties
- traits as purely descriptive summaries
* dispositions = traits
domains - biological
core assumption
- humans = collections of biological systems
- these systems provide building blocks for ABC
focuses on personality
- behavioural genetics
- psychophysiology
- evolutionary effects
domains - intrapsychic
- deals with mental mechanisms of personality
- many of which operate outside of conscious awareness
- classic and modern versions of Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis
- includes work on repression, denial, projection, motives for power, achievement and affiliation
domains - cognitive-experimental
- focuses on cognition and subjective experience (such as conscious thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and desires about oneself and others
- self-concept + self - goals we set and strive to meet
- emotional experiences in generaland over time
domains - adjustment
- plays role in how we cope, adapt, adjust to event in daily life
- personality is linked to health outcomes and problems in coping and adjustment
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Introduction18
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Traits and Taxonomies80
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Genetics37
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Physiological Approaches to Personality37
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Psychoanalytic Approaches to Personality48
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Psychoanalytic Approaches to Personality: Contemporary Issues71
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Motives and Personality23
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Cognition and Approaches to the Self51
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Sex and Gender41
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Culture27
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Stress and Coping26
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Personality Disorders22
