Introduction

Question 1

List:

What are some other names for the Cebuano language?

(e.g., S, C, B)

Answer 1

Sugbuhanon, Cinibuhano, and Binisaya.

(soog-boo-hah-non), (see-nee-boo-hah-noh), (bee-nee-sah-yah)

Question 2

Identify:

What language family does Cebuano belong to?

Answer 2

The Malayo-Polynesian (or Austronesian) language family.

Question 3

List:

Where is Cebuano spoken?

(List the main regions)

Answer 3

It is spoken in:
1. Cebu (and its islands)
2. Western half of Leyte
3. Negros Oriental & Siquijor
4. Various parts of Mindanao (e.g., Bukidnon, Davao, etc.)

Question 4

Identify:

What is considered the standard dialect of Cebuano?

Answer 4

The dialect spoken in Cebu, Negros, and Leyte.

This is the dialect used in this textbook.

Question 5

List:

What are the four skills involved in learning a foreign language?

Answer 5

1. Listening
2. Speaking
3. Reading
4. Writing

Question 6

Explain:

What is the aural-oral approach?

(Based on the first two skills)

Answer 6

The principle that listening (aural) and speaking (oral) are taught first, before reading and writing.

Question 7

Identify:

What causes interference in language learning?

(e.g., English vs. Cebuano)

Answer 7

Structural differences between the learner’s native language and the target language.

This is especially true when the language families are far removed, like English and Cebuano.

Question 8

List:

What are the three levels of language structure?

Answer 8

1. Phonology (sounds)
2. Morphology (words)
3. Syntax (sentences)

Question 9

Define:

Phonology

(The first level of language)

Answer 9

The level of language dealing with the sound system.

This includes:* Segmental system (the sounds themselves)* Suprasegmental system (stress, pitch, intonation)

Question 10

Define:

Morphology

(The second level of language)

Answer 10

The level of language dealing with how sounds are combined to form words.

Question 11

Define:

Syntax

(The third level of language)

Answer 11

The level of language dealing with how words are combined to make clauses, phrases, and sentences.

Question 12

State:

What is Goal 1 of this Cebuano course?

(Hint: Sounds)

Answer 12

To learn the sound system and intonation pattern of Cebuano.

Question 13

State:

What is Goal 2 of this Cebuano course?

(Hint: Words)

Answer 13

To master a limited but workable vocabulary learned through context.

Question 14

State:

What is Goal 3 of this Cebuano course?

(Hint: Grammar)

Answer 14

To understand and acquire mastery of the basic syntactic structures (grammar patterns).

Question 15

State:

What is Goal 4 of this Cebuano course?

(Hint: Speaking)

Answer 15

To acquire mastery of basic conversational sentences and their contexts.

Question 16

State:

What is Goal 5 (the ultimate goal) of this Cebuano course?

(Hint: Beyond language)

Answer 16

To acquire an understanding of and familiarity with the culture that the language represents.

Question 17

Explain:

What is Principle 1 of the Aural-Oral Method?

Answer 17

Learn to listen and speak before reading and writing.

Question 18

Explain:

What is Principle 2 of the Aural-Oral Method?

Answer 18

Learn basic conversational sentences as accurately as possible.

Question 19

Explain:

What is Principle 3 of the Aural-Oral Method?

Answer 19

Learn syntactic features (grammar) through pattern practice.

The goal is to “master the pattern, not the sentences that go into that pattern.”

Question 20

Explain:

What is Principle 4 of the AVural-Oral Method?

Answer 20

Learn a limited but functional vocabulary in the beginning.

Mastery of the sound system and grammar must come before extensive vocabulary-building.

Question 21

Explain:

What is Principle 5 of the Aural-Oral Method?

Answer 21

Learn to speak the target language at a normal conversational speech rate with no interference from the native language.

Question 22

Explain:

What is Principle 6 of the Aural-Oral Method?

Answer 22

Learn to understand some cultural implications expressed by the linguistic units.

Question 23

Explain:

How is the Cebuano /p/ sound different from the English /p/?

(A feature of Phonology)

Answer 23

The Cebuano /p/ is unaspirated (it is not accompanied by a ‘puff of air’).

It sounds like the final /p/ in the English word “tap” or “nap”.

English speakers often hear this unaspirated /p/ as a /b/.

Question 24

Define:

What is the glottal stop /’/ in Cebuano?

(A feature of Phonology)

Answer 24

It is the sound heard in the middle of the English expression “uh-uh” (meaning ‘no’).

This sound is not a significant feature in English, so it can be difficult for English speakers to hear.

Question 25

# Explain: What is a unique feature of the Cebuano /ng/ sound (written as ng)? | (A feature of Phonology)

Answer 25

It can occur initially (at the beginning) of words. | This is not true in English (e.g., we have "sing" but not "ngis").

Question 26

# Define: What is affixation in Cebuano? | (A feature of Morphology)

Answer 26

Adding affixes (word parts) to a root word. This can happen:1. Initially (prefix)2. Medially (infix)3. Finally (suffix)

Question 27

# Identify: What type of affixation does Cebuano have that English does not? | (A feature of Morphology)

Answer 27

Infixation (adding an affix to the middle of a word).

Question 28

# Complete the example: Affixationigsoon (sibling) + affixes = ___?

Answer 28

kaigsoonan | (kigh-so-oh-nan) ## Footnote (n.) sibling relationship

Question 29

# Complete the example: Affixationbalay (house) + affixes = ___?

Answer 29

kabalayan | (ka-ba-lah-yan) ## Footnote (n.) hamlet (a small group of houses)

Question 30

# Define: What is reduplication in Cebuano? | (A feature of Morphology)

Answer 30

The partial or full repetition of words (or parts of words) to create new meanings.

Question 31

# Complete the example: Reduplicationgamay (small) + reduplication = ___?

Answer 31

gamay-gamay | (gah-my-gah-my) ## Footnote (adj.) a bit small

Question 32

# Complete the example: ReduFplicationtaas (tall) + reduplication = ___?

Answer 32

taas-taas | (tah-as-tah-as) ## Footnote (adj.) a bit tall

Question 33

# Complete the example: Reduplicationdaro (farm) + reduplication/affix = ___?

Answer 33

magdadaro | (mag-da-dah-roh) ## Footnote (n.) farmer

Question 34

# Complete the example: Reduplicationbalaod (law) + reduplication/affix = ___?

Answer 34

magbabalaod | (mag-ba-ba-lah-od) ## Footnote (n.) lawyer

Question 35

# Define: What unique syntactic feature is found in Cebuano (and other Philippine languages)? | (A feature of Syntax)

Answer 35

Focus | Focus states the relationship between the topic and the verb.

Question 36

# Define: What is Actor Focus (AF) construction? | (Type 1 Focus)

Answer 36

When the topic of the sentence is the actor (or doer) of the action.

Question 37

# Define: What is Goal Focus (GF) construction? | (Type 2 Focus)

Answer 37

When the topic of the sentence is the goal (or object) that receives the action.

Question 38

# Define: What is Benefactive Focus (BF) construction? | (Type 3 Focus)

Answer 38

When the topic of the sentence is the person for whom (or for whose benefit) an action is done.

Question 39

# Identify the focus: Focus Example (AF)Magpalit si Pedro ug pan.('Pedro will buy bread.') | The topic (underlined) is si Pedro.

Answer 39

Actor Focus (AF) | The topic is si Pedro, who is the actor (doer). ## Footnote The verb affix mag- signals Actor Focus.

Question 40

# Identify the focus: Focus Example (GF)Paliton ni Pedro ang pan.('Pedro will buy bread.') | The topic (underlined) is ang pan.

Answer 40

Goal Focus (GF) | The topic is ang pan (the bread), which is the goal (object). ## Footnote The verb affix -on signals Goal Focus.

Question 41

# Identify the focus: Focus Example (BF)Palitan ni Pedro ug pan si Ana.('Pedro will buy bread for Ana.') | The topic (underlined) is si Ana.

Answer 41

Benefactive Focus (BF) | The topic is si Ana, who is the beneficiary (the person the action is for). ## Footnote The verb affix -an signals Benefactive Focus.