Empirical Research
The study of what is in the real world
Normative research
The study of what ought to be, based on values
Positivism
Assumes the social world is like the natural world and can be studied using the same methods
Interpetivism
Assumes the social world is fundamentally different and must be understood through meanings, not laws
Ontology
The nature of what exists in the social world
Epistemology
What counts as knowledge and how we can know it
Methodology
The strategies and tools we use to study the world
Positivist goal
Law-like generalisations and causal explanations
Interpretivist goal
Understanding hidden meaning and motivations