breaking down written codes (letters, words, symbols) so we recognize what they are.
decoding process
understanding and making meaning out of what we read, not just recognizing words.
comprehension process
- Letters or combinations of letters that represent sounds
- The visual symbols we see and read (e.g., b, sh, ea, igh)
- Matching letters to their corresponding sounds
Graphemes (written)
- The smallest units of sound in a language
- Heard and spoken, not written
- Recognizing sound patterns that form syllables and words
Phonemes (sounds)
recognizing and understanding written or printed verbal symbols. Involves multiple processes
reading
Ability to recognize pronunciation and meaning without deliberate effort.
word recognition
Act of constructing meaning from the overall text.
comprehension
Reading with speed, accuracy, and proper expression
fluency
- Entertain
- Inform
- Persuade
- Convince
- Acquire General knowledge
purpose of reading
- Builds connection
- Source of knowledge
- Escapes from reality
- Relaxes the mind
- Strengthens mental capacity
benefits of reading
Less about content, more about how good it feels
Scribbling (18 months - 2.5 years)
Begins to make marks with more intention - even if that intention still requires attention
Meaningful marks (2.5 - 3.5 years)
Pay more attention to adult writing (attempt writing)
Letter-like forms & Letter Strings (3.5 - 5 years)
Invent spelling, they use the sounds they hear in words
Attempted or “Invented” Spelling (5 - 7 years)
- Forming letters and spelling words
- Readability improves
- Require less mental and physical effort
Fluent Writing (7+ years)
- Allows writers to voice out their thoughts
- Provides vehicle to use their imaginations
- Gives readers chance to engage in a conversation with the other writers
- Aids readers in reading other works critically
benefits of writing
