The science which deals with structures of healthy body of animals and humans. The structure is revealed by naked eye observation and it is based on dissection.
Anatomy
Encompasses all those structures accessible by dissection and direct inspection
Gross Anatomy
The study of the tissues of the body and how cells and tissue integrate to form organs
Microanatomy
The science which deals with ontogenetic development
Embryology
List the 3 branches of histology
1) Cytology (deals with the structure and function of the cell)
2) General Histology (deals with structure of tissues)
3) Special Histology (deals with microscopic structure of organs)
What are the two interacting components that make up tissues?
1) Cells
2) Extracellular matrix (ECM)
What microscope allows observation of LIVING non-stained structures?
Phase contrast microscopy
List some advantages of LM
- relatively inexpensive
- provides rapid diagnosis
- allows observation of living specimens
List some disadvantages of LM
- image is 2-D
- resolving power is limited by the wavelength of light
- requires maintenance
- requires expertise for proper diagnoses
What type of microscope could you use to view a 3-D image such as an embryo?
Stereomicroscope aka Dissecting microscope
List some advantages of dissecting scopes
- relatively inexpensive
- practical/versatile
- 3-D image
- can be used in microsurgery and with other types of specimens
List some disadvantages of dissecting scopes
- low resolving power
- needs to be maintained
What are the two types of electron microscopy?
1) Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
2) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
List some advantages of TEM
- Great resolving power
- very useful for rapid diagnosis of viruses and other microscopic organisms
List some disadvantanges of TEM
- Image is 2-D
- Image is Black&White
- Cannot be used in living object
- Very expensive
What specific conditions must a specimen meet in order to be observed under the common Bright field light microscope (LM) and/or TEM?
1) must be well preserved=retain structure and molecular composition
2) be sufficiently thin to allow light transmission
3) have enough contrast to observe details
What are the steps in the tissue processing for observation in a microscope?
F (fat)- fixation D (dogs)- dehydration C (can)- clearing I (indeed)-infiltration E (eat)- embedding
What substance is used during fixation?
10% buffered formalin
What is used to cut tissues for slides?
Microtome (cuts 1-7 micrometers thick)
