Introduction

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

sum of all chemical reactions that occur in a living organism

Question 2

Bioenergetics

Answer 2

transfer and utilization of energy in biological systems

Question 3

1st law of thermodynamics

Answer 3

energy can be neither created nor destroyed

Question 4

2nd law of thermodynamics

Answer 4

all processes move from ordered to disordered states

Question 5

Entropy

Answer 5

measure of amount of disorder

Question 6

What are exergonic reactions?

Answer 6

reactions that spontaneously proceed in an energy favorable direction=energy is given off

Question 7

What are endergonic reactions?

Answer 7

reactions that are thermodynamically unfavorable=energy is absorbed and they require energy input

Question 8

What macronutrient is used for energy at rest?

Answer 8

lipids

Question 9

What macronutrient is used for energy during muscular effort?

Answer 9

carbohydrates

Question 10

What does protein function to do?

Answer 10

serve as building block for tissue–provides little energy

Question 11

What are carbs converted to and stored as?

Answer 11

glucose; glycogen

Question 12

What is glycogenolysis?

Answer 12

glycogen conversion to glucose

Question 13

Where is glucose transported to?

Answer 13

muscles to make ATP

Question 14

What are advantages of carbs?

Answer 14

• metabolized aerobically and anaerobically

- rapid metabolic pathway

Question 15

What are disadvantages of carbs?

Answer 15

• stored in small amounts with large H2O
• anaerobic makes lactate
• muscle cells dependent on internal glycogen stores and when depleted, mod exercise intensity can’t continue

Question 16

What are lipids stored as and in what amount?

Answer 16

glycerol and FFAs; larger amount than carbs

Question 17

What are FFAs used for?

Answer 17

to form ATP

Question 18

What are advantages of lipids?

Answer 18

• most energy-dense fuel source
• stored in large amounts throughout body
• stable energy source for use during exercise

Question 19

What are disadvantages of lipids?

Answer 19

• caloric value of muscular lipid is small compared to glycogen-stored outside
• metabolized slowly and thru oxidation
• makes less energy/liter of O2 consumed than carbs
• cannot serve as sole energy source

Question 20

kcal for 1gm carbs

Answer 20

4

Question 21

kcals for 1gm lipids

Answer 21

9

Question 22

What is the process for protein conversion to glucose?

Answer 22

glucogenesis

Question 23

What can protein be converted to in time of starvation?

Answer 23

FFAs via lipogenesis

Question 24

What part of proteins cannot be oxidized?

Answer 24

nitrogen