Introduction

Question 1

What are the short term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system? (5)

Answer 1

• increased heart rate
• increased cardiac output
• release of blood cells from the spleen
• increase skin blood flow
• blood redistribution to heart and working muscles

Question 2

What are the long term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system? (5)

Answer 2

• increased heart size
• decreased heart rate
• quicker recovery from a given heart rate
• increased capillariation in muscles
• increased total red blood cell count

Question 3

What are the effects of exercise on the respiratory system? (4)

Answer 3

• increased respiratory rate
• increased tidal volume
• increased VO2max
• thinner blood gas barrier

Question 4

How is the spleen involved in exercise?

Answer 4

Contracts during exercise to squeeze out more red blood cells into the circulation increasing packed cell volume and so increased oxygen carrying capacity

Question 5

What structures are present in the heart to suit its function? (4)

Answer 5

• fatty layer - shock absorber
• pericardium - lubrication
• valves - prevent backflow
• chordae tendinae - prevent valves turning inside out