introduction into host cell

Question 1

why are various methods required to aid the process of DNA entering host cell?

Answer 1

DNA does not easily cross the recipient’s cell surface membrane

Question 2

Ca2+ and heat shock

Answer 2

• temp of culture lowered to 0 degrees Celsius then increased quickly to 40 degrees Celsius
  helping to increase rate at which plasmids are taken up by bacterial cells

Question 3

electroporation

Answer 3

high voltage pulse disrupts plasma membrane

Question 4

electrofusion

Answer 4

electric fields help to introduce plasmids

Question 5

transfection

Answer 5

bacteria can be packaged into bacteriophage which can transfect host cell