Introduction To Computer

Question 1

Why computer is also called a data processor?

Answer 1

computer is also called a data processor because it can store, process, and retrieve data whenever
desired.

Question 2

WHAT IS COMPUTER?

Answer 2

The word “computer” is comes from the word “TO COMPUTE” means to
calculate.
A computer is an electronic device that can implement a programmed list of
instructions and also respond to new instructions that it is given to perform some
task.

Question 2

The activity of processing data using a computer is called what?

Answer 2

data processing

Question 3

What is data?

Answer 3

Data is a raw material used as input.

Question 4

What is information?

Answer 4

information is processed data obtained as output of
data processing.

Question 5

What are the Characteristics of Computer?

Answer 5

Automatic:
Speed
Accuracy
Diligence:
Versatility:
Power of Remembering:
No I.Q.:
No Feelings:

Question 6

Automatic

Answer 6

Given a job, computer can work on it automatically without human
interventions.

Question 7

Speed:

Answer 7

Computer can perform data processing jobs very fast, usually measured in
microseconds (10-6), nanoseconds (10-9), and picoseconds (10-12).

Question 8

Accuracy

Answer 8

Accuracy of a computer is consistently high and the degree of its accuracy
depends upon its design. Computer errors caused due to incorrect input data or unreliable
programs are often referred to as Garbage- In-Garbage-Out (GIGO).

Question 9

Diligence

Answer 9

Computer is free from monotony, tiredness, and lack of concentration. It can
continuously work for hours without creating any error and without grumbling

Question 10

Versatility:

Answer 10

Computer is capable of performing almost any task, if the task can be reduced to
a finite series of logical steps.

Question 11

Power of Remembering:

Answer 11

Computer can store and recall any amount of information because
of its secondary storage capability. It forgets or loses certain information only when it is
asked to do so.

Question 12

No Feelings:

Answer 12

Computers are devoid of emotions. Their judgement is based on the instructions
given to them in the form of programs that are written by us (human beings).

Question 13

No I.Q.

Answer 13

A computer does only what it is programmed to do. It cannot take its own decision
in this regard.

Question 14

Who invented the first calculator for multiplication and what year?

Answer 14

Baron Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz in1671

Question 15

Who invented the first mechanical adding machine and what year?

Answer 15

Blaise Pascal in 1642.

Question 16

Who is consider as the father of computer?

Answer 16

Charles Babbage

Question 17

Some Well Known Early Computers are:

Answer 17

The Mark I Computer (1937-44)
 The Atanasoff-Berry Computer (1939-42)
 The ENIAC (1943-46)
The EDVAC (1946-52)
 The EDSAC (1947-49)
 Manchester Mark I (1948)
 The UNIVAC I (1951)

Question 18

What do we means by computer Generation?

Answer 18

“Generation” in computer talk is a step in technology. It provides a framework for the
growth of computer industry

Question 19

What is a computer hardware?

Answer 19

Hardware is the
mechanical device in a computer system that is interconnected for operation.
Hardware is the parts of a computer which we can touch and feel.

Question 20

What is a computer Software?

Answer 20

Software are programmed and coded
applications to process the input information.

Question 21

What are some examples of Hardware?

Answer 21

Hardware includes Input and
Output devices.Cabinet, Hard Disk, Mother Board, SMPS, CPU, RAM, CD Drive and Graphics cards

Question 22

Inputting

Answer 22

The process of entering data and instructions into the computer system

Question 23

Storing.

Answer 23

Saving data and instructions to make them readily available for initial or additional
processing whenever required.

Question 24

Processing

Answer 24

Performing arithmetic operations (add, subtract, multiply, divide, etc.) or logical operations (comparisons like equal to, less than, greater than, etc.) on data to convert them into useful information

Question 25

Outputting.

Answer 25

The process of producing useful information or results for the user such as a printed report or visual display.

Question 26

Controlling.

Answer 26

Directing the manner and sequence in which all of the above operations are performed.

Question 27

What is the Central Processing Unit?

Answer 27

It is the brain of a computer system.  It is responsible for controlling the operations of all other units of a computer system.

Question 28

What is the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)?

Answer 28

An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a key component of a computer’s central processor unit. The ALU performs all arithmetic and logic operations that must be performed on instruction words. The ALU is split into two parts in some microprocessor architectures: the AU and the LU.

Question 29

The. Central Processing Unit compose of?

Answer 29

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and Control Unit (CU)

Question 30

What is the Control Unit (CU)?

Answer 30

A control unit, or CU, is circuitry within a computer’s processor that directs operations. It instructs the memory, logic unit, and both output and input devices of the computer on how to respond to the program’s instructions.

Question 31

What is an Input Devices?

Answer 31

Input refers to the data, software, or institutions that we enter into the computer. Input devices are computer components with the help of which we enter programs, data etc. into the computer.

Question 32

What is the Function of an Output Devices?

Answer 32

 An output unit of a computer system performs the following functions:  It accepts the results produced by the computer, which are in coded form and hence, cannot be easily understood by us  It converts these coded results to human acceptable (readable) form  It supplies the converted results to outside world

Question 33

Examples of input Device are:

Answer 33

Some examples of input devices are the keyboard, mouse, trackball, and light pen, Image Scanner.Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Device,Touch Screen. Commonly Used Input Devices  Keyboard devices  Point-and-draw devices  Data scanning devices  Digitizer  Electronic cards based devices  Speech recognition devices  Vision based devices

Question 34

What are The Role of Input Devices?

Answer 34

An input unit of a computer system performs the following functions:  It accepts (or reads) instructions and data from outside world.  It converts these instructions and data in computer acceptable form.  It supplies the converted instructions and data to the computer system for further processing.  Provide means of communication between a computer and outer world.  Also known as peripheral devices because they surround the CPU and memory of a computer system.  Input devices are used to enter data from the outside world into primary storage.  Output devices supply results of processing from primary storage to users.

Question 35

Name some types of Output Devices

Answer 35

Commonly Used Output Devices  Monitors  Printers  Plotters  Screen image projector  Voice response systems

Question 36

What is the function of the Storage unit of the computer?

Answer 36

The storage unit of a computer system holds (or stores) the following:  Data and instructions required for processing (received from input devices)  Intermediate results of processing  Final results of processing, before they are released to an output device

Question 37

What are the Types of Memory?

Answer 37

 Register Memory  Cache Memory  Primary Memory  Secondary Memory

Question 38

What is the Register Memory?

Answer 38

Register memory is the smallest and fastest memory in a computer. It is not a part of the main memory and is located in the CPU in the form of registers, which are the smallest data holding elements. A register temporarily holds frequently used data, instructions, and memory address that are to be used by CPU. They hold instructions that are currently processed by the CPU. All data is required to pass through registers before it can be processed. So, they are used by CPU to process the data entered by the users.

Question 39

Types and Functions of Computer Registers:

Answer 39

Data Register: It is a 16-bit register, which is used to store operands (variables) to be operated by the processor. It temporarily stores data, which is being transmitted to or received from a peripheral device. Program Counter (PC): It holds the address of the memory location of the next instruction, which is to be fetched after the current instruction is completed. So, it is used to maintain the path of execution of the different programs and thus executes the programs one by one, when the previous instruction gets completed. Instructor Register: It is a 16-bit register. It stores the instruction which is fetched from the main memory. So, it is used to hold instruction codes, which are to be executed. The Control Unit takes instruction from Instructor Register, then decodes and executes it.

Question 40

What is the Cache Memory?

Answer 40

Cache memory is a very high speed semiconductor memory which can speed up the CPU. It acts as a buffer between the CPU and the main memory. It is used to hold the data and program which are most frequently used by the CPU. The parts of data and programs are transferred from the disk to cache memory by the operating system, from where the CPU can access them.

Question 41

What is the Primary Memory (Main Memory)?

Answer 41

Primary memory is also known as main memory or may also refer to "Internal memory. Primary memory holds only those data and instructions on which the computer is currently working. It has a limited capacity and data is lost when power is switched off. It is generally made up of semiconductor device. These memories are not as fast as registers. The data and instruction required to be processed resides in the main memory. It is divided into two subcategories RAM and ROM.

Question 42

What are the Characteristics of Main Memory?

Answer 42

 These are semiconductor memories.  It is known as the main memory.  Usually volatile memory.  Data is lost in case power is switched off.  It is the working memory of the computer.  Faster than secondary memories.  A computer cannot run without the primary memory.

Question 43

What is the RAM (Random Access Memory)?

Answer 43

The Word “RAM” stands for “random access memory” or may also refer to short-term memory. It’s called “random” because you can read store data randomly at any time and from any physical location. It is a temporal storage memory. RAM is volatile that only retains all the data as long as the computer powered. It is the fastest type of memory. RAM stores the currently processed data from the CPU and sends them to the graphics unit.

Question 44

A computer performs four functions

Answer 44

1. Accepts data 2. Processes data 3. Produces output 4. Stores results