Introduction to Computer Graphics

Question 1

combining hardware approaches with software algorithms to facilitate the manipulation of visual information

Answer 1

Computer Graphics

Question 2

Sub Areas of Computer Graphics (4)

Answer 2

(HIAA)

1. Hardware and system architecture
2. Image synthesis
3. Animation
4. Application

Question 3

Applications of Computer Graphics(8)
___ ___: point and click, des-top publishing
____ ____ ____: (in business, science, engineering). Goal is to summarize info, outlines trends, and help decisions.
____ ____ ____: one of the earlies application
_____ & _____: for visualization and entertainment
______: Medical imagining, training, computer-aided surgery, telemedicine
____&____
_______

Answer 3

(USCSEMC)

User interface
Interactice plotting/drawing
Computer-aided design
Simulation and Animation
Education adn training
Medicine
Communication

Question 4

Computer Graphics: Main Tasks(3)

Answer 4

(MRA)

Modeling
Rendering (Image synthesis)
Animation

Question 5

Design of an aritificial object; using real object models obtained by Computer Vision; recovered 3D surface model

Answer 5

Modeling

Question 6

Mapping texture onto the recoverer surface

Answer 6

3D Modeling

Question 7

Generating 2D images of the modeled 3D object

Answer 7

Rendering

Question 8

Rendering includes five (5):

Answer 8

(VPI SR)

Viewing model
Projection model
Illumination model
Shading model
Rasterization model

Question 9

In rendering it asks where is the camera that takes the picture, how is it oriented?

Answer 9

Viewing model

Question 10

in rendering it asks what are the camera parameteres, like lens type, aperture

Answer 10

Projection model

Question 11

in rendering, it asks what are the lighting conditions

Answer 11

Illumination model

Question 12

in rendering, it asks about the material, reflectance, secularities, texture.

Answer 12

Shading model and surface properties

Question 13

in rendering, its where from 2D continuous images to discretized image in the frame buffer

Answer 13

Razterization

Question 14

Modeling and rendering objects with attributes that change over time (postion, geometry, topology, color, texture, etc.)

Answer 14

animation

Question 15

Goal: portability standard graphics functions are independent of programming language, binding are defined for various languares (GKS, PHIGS, OpenGL, Java3D)

Answer 15

Graphics Standard

Question 16

Graphic Standards (4)

Answer 16

GKS
PHIGS
OpenGL
Java3D

Question 17

Goal of Graphic Standard: portability, standard graphics functions are ____ of programming language, binding are defined for various languages

Answer 17

independent

Question 18

The graphics standard provides specification for basics functions.

To insure independece and portability, there is ____ ____ for graphics interface to output devices, image format, or transfer protocols

Answer 18

no standard

Question 19

• For use in high-level programming language
• By programmers

Answer 19

General purpose API

Question 20

Computer graphics has ____ nature

Answer 20

interdisciplinary

Question 21

is the technology that enables remotely located users to share the same virtualized environment in real time

Answer 21

TeleImmersion

Question 22

who is responsible for the earli architecture of early graphics systems?

Host -> Digital to Analog -> CRT

Answer 22

von Neuman

Question 23

Father of Computer Graphics

Answer 23

Ivan Sutherland, MIT, 1963

Question 24

# Graphics Systems Architecture special purpose graphics processor. Has **instructions to display primitive on CRT**. Repetitive execure Display Lists at rate sufficient to avoid flicker

Answer 24

Display Processor (DP)

Question 25

# Graphics Systems Architecture contains segment definitions

Answer 25

Display Lists (DL)

Question 26

became feasable when memory costs dropped (mid 70s)

Answer 26

Raster Graphics

Question 27

In Raster Graphics, electron beams scans regular patter of horizontal ____ ____

Answer 27

Raster Lines (rl)

Question 28

____ are individual dots or raster lines

Answer 28

pixels

Question 29

____ is array of pixels

Answer 29

picture

Question 30

- most common 1990s - 2000s - Phosphorus compound deposited on screen - Electron gun emits electron beam when heated - when beam hits screen pixel light up - beam go in order: line by line, pixel by pixel

Answer 30

CRT Display

Question 31

In CRT display, its consists of all scan lines

Answer 31

Frame

Question 32

In CRT display, the pattern created on the screen

Answer 32

Picture

Question 32

In CRT display, the time it takes for a pixel to loose 10% of its original energy

Answer 32

Persistence

Question 33

- prescribes the pattern that the electron beam must draw - core of the graphics hardware - stores the discretized picture

Answer 33

Frame Buffer (FB)

Question 34

Frame Buffer is implemented with special memory that enables fast redisplay (2):

Answer 34

VRAM DRAM

Question 35

defined by number pixels

Answer 35

Frame Buffer Spatial Resolution

Question 36

defined by Fb depth, number bits per pixel

Answer 36

Frame Color Resolution

Question 37

**conversion of 2d geometric primitives** and their **attributes** to ***pixels assignments*** and color in the FB

Answer 37

Razterization

Question 38

**Controls operation of the display**, can access FB directly

Answer 38

Video Controller

Question 39

Same set of operations (transformations) are applied thousands, millions of data primitives

Answer 39

Pipeline Architecture (PA)

Question 40

Pipeline Architecture: Fundamental Operations (4)

Answer 40

(TCPR) Transformation Clipping Projection Rasterization

Question 41

Pipeline Architecture: Fundamental Operations modeling/viewing

Answer 41

Transformation

Question 42

Pipeline Architecture: Fundamental Operations ignore further considerations all parts that are not in gield of view

Answer 42

Clipping

Question 43

Pipeline Architecture: Fundamental Operations from 3D to continuous 2D geometry

Answer 43

Projection

Question 44

from continuous 2D geometry to pixels in the frame buffer

Answer 44

Rasterization