1
Q
Invertebrates
A
Animals that lack a backbone
2
Q
Porifera
A
- Sponges
- Sessile animals that lack tissue
- Filter Feeders
- 5,000 species
3
Q
Placozoa
A
- Basal Animals
* 1 species (tricoplax adharens)
4
Q
Cnidaria
A
- Corals, Jellies, and hydra
- Dibloplastic, radially symmetrical body plan
- Gastrovascular cavity with a single opening that acts as a mouth and anus
- 10,000 species
5
Q
Acoela
A
- Flatworms with a simple nervous system and sac-like gut
- diverged before bilateral symmetry
- 400 species
6
Q
Ctenphora
A
- combjellies
* Have eight combs of cilia for movement and tentacles for hunting
7
Q
Platyhelminthes
A
- Flatworms, including flukes, planarians, and tapeworms
- Bilateral symmetry
- Central nervous system that processes the info from sensory structures
- No body-cavity or specialized organs for circulation
- 20,000 species
8
Q
Ectoprocta
A
- Bryozoans or ectoprots
- Live in sessile colonies and covered in a tough exoskeleton
- 4,500 species
9
Q
Syndermata
A
- Rotifers and Ancanthocephalans
* 2900 species
10
Q
Rotifers
A
*Microscopic organisms with complex organ systems in psuedocoeloms
11
Q
acanthocephalans
A
Highly modified parasites of vertebrates
12
Q
Brachiopods
A
- Lamp shells
- Crown of cilia called a lophophore
- unique stalk to anchor to the substrate
- 335 species
13
Q
Gastrotricha
A
- Tiny worms whose ventral system is covered with cilla
- live at the bottom of lakes and oceans
- 800 species
14
Q
Nemertea
A
- Proboscis worms or ribbon worms
- Unique proboscis to capture prey
- lack a true coelom
- Closed circulatory system with blood vessels and alimentary canal
- 900 species
15
Q
Annelida
A
- segmented worms
- body segmentation
- consist of mainly marine and freshwater species
- 16,500 species
16
Q
Mollusca
A
- Soft bodies and, in many species, hard shells
* 100,000 species
17
Q
Loricifera
A
- Tiny animals that inhabit sediment on the seafloor
* 10 species
18
Q
Priapulida
A
- Worms with large rounded proboscises at the anterior end
- Named after priapus, the Greek god of fertility
- Fossil evidence suggests major predator during Cambrian
- Burrow in the seafloor sediment
- 16 species
19
Q
Onychophora
A
- Velvet worms
- fleshy antennae and several dozen pairs of sac-like legs
- 110 species
20
Q
Tardigrada
A
- Tardigrades or water bears. The name means slow step
- Dormant state makes them extremophiles
- 15% of their genome is made via horizontal gene transfer, the largest percentage of any animal
- 800 species
21
Q
Arthropoda
A
- segment exoskeleton and jointed appendages
* 1,000,000 species
22
Q
Nematoda
A
- Roundworms
- many are parasites for plants and animals
- Tough cuticle coats their body
23
Q
Hemichordata
A
- Share traits with Chordata like gill slits and dorsal nerve cord
- 85 species
24
Q
Chordata
A
- Lancelets and tunicates are invertebrates
* 57,000 species
25
Echinodermata
* Bilateral symmetry as larvae
* Move and feed by using a network of internal canals to pump water to the different body part
* 7,000 species
26
Spongocoel
Central cavity of a sponge
27
Osculum
A large opening on a sponge that allows water to flow
28
Choanocytes or collar cells
In the spongocoel, engulf bacterium and other food particles via phagocytosis
29
Importance of Choanoctyes
Resemble Choanoflageletes in appearance, supporting the idea that animals and choanoflagellates share a common ancestor
30
Mesohyl
Separates two cell layers of a sponge.
31
Due to both cell layers being in contact with water
Cells can do gas exchanges and water removal via diffusion
32
Amoebocytes
Named after their pseudopodia, perform many tasks. Move through the mesohyl
33
Some tasks of the Ameobocytes
* Manufacture tough skeleton fiber composed of silica and calcium carbonate for some sponges
* Manufactures flexible fiber made from protein spongin in some sponges
* Transport food around the sponge
34
Health benefits from sponges?
Produces compounds like cribostatin which can kill cancer cells and penicilian immune strands of streptococcus
35
Eumetazoans
Animals with tissue (True animals)
36
Cnidarians originated
680 MYA during Cryogenian
37
Two forms of Cnidarians
polyp and medusa
38
Polyp
Sessile form of cnidarians, but can still move slowly if needed
39
Medusa
Motile forms of cnidarians
40
Tentacles of cnidarians
Armed with cnidocytes that are used for predation and defense
41
Cnidocytes
Have cnidae, capsule-like organelles capable of exploding outward
42
Nematocyst
Specialized cnidocytes that contain a stinging thread to penetrate prey
43
Two clades of cnidarians
Medusazoans and Anthozoans
44
Medusazoans
Jellies and hydras, living in medusa form
45
Anthozoans
Corals and anemone
46
Lophotrochozoans
The majority of animals belong to the bilateral clade, members exhibit bilateral symmetry and triploblastic development. Most diverse bilateral clade
47
Lophophore
Developed by some in lophotrochozoans.
| A crown of ciliated tentacles for feeding
48
Two different flatworm linages
Catenulids(freshwater) and Rhabditophora (marine and parasites)
49
Trophi
Jaws of a rotifer, use it with crowned of cilia to get and crush prey
50
Rotifers reproduce mainly via
parthenogenesis
51
Mollusk shells are made of
Calcium Carbonate
52
Three main parts of the mollusk body
A muscular foot, visceral mass, and a mantle
53
Muscular foot
Used for movement
54
Visceral Mass
Contains most of the internal organs of the mollusk
55
The Mantle
A fold of tissue that drapes over the mantle and secretes a shell
56
Mantle cavity
extends beyond visceral mass, houses the gills, anus, and excretory pores
57
Radula
used to scoop up food
58
Gonads
Located in visceral mass, reproductive organs
59
Ecdysozoans
The bilateral clade with animals that shed a tough external coat as they grow (molting)
