1
Q
Ions
A
- formed when electrons transferred from one atom to another
- cations = positive
- anions = negative
2
Q
metal ion charge
A
-group number
3
Q
non-metal ion charge
A
-group number minus 8
4
Q
ionic bonding
A
- electrostatic attraction holds positive + negative ions together
- ionic bond is strong electrostatic attraction between 2 oppositely charged ions
5
Q
ionic charges
A
- greater charges on an ion stronger ionic bonder
- so higher melting/boiling point
6
Q
Ionic Radii
A
- smaller ions can pack closer together than larger ions
- electrostatic attraction gets weaker with distance
- small, closely packed ions have stronger ionic bonding than larger ions
- ionic compounds with small closely packed ions have higher melting and boiling points than ionic compounds made of larger ions
7
Q
Ionic radius
A
- increases as you go down a group
- extra electron shells one added
8
Q
Isoelectronic ions
A
- ions of a different atoms with same number of electrons
- ionic radius of a set isoelectronic ions decreases as atomic number increases
- as you go through series of ions the number of electrons stays the same as number of protons increase
- electrons attracted to nucleus more strongly pulling them in a little ionic radius decreases
9
Q
giant ionic lattice structures
A
- made up of same basic unit repeated over and over again
- forms because each ion is electrostatically attracted in all directions to ions of the opposite charge
10
Q
physical properties
A
- high melting point as ions are held together by a strong attraction so positive and negative ions are strongly attracted
- soluble in water but not in a non-polar solvent
- ionic compounds don’t conduct electricity when solid but do when molten or dissolved as ions are fixed in position by strong ionic bonds in solid but free to move as a liquid or in a solution
- ionic compounds can’t be shaped because repulsion between ions would be very strong so brittle supports lattice model
11
Q
migration of ions
A
- electrolyse a green solution of copper chromate on a piece of wet filter paper
- turns blue at cathode
- turns yellow at anode
