What are the 6 Links in the Chain of Transmission?
- Infectious Agent
- Reservoir
- Portal of Exit
- Means of Transmission
- Portal of Entry
- Susceptible Host
Define a Hospital Acquired Infection.
An infection acquired after admission to healthcare facility, not present at time of admission
Which of the following methods does NOT break the chain of transmission at PORTAL OF ENTRY? A) Aseptic Technique B) Catheter Care C) Wound Care D) Vaccination
D) Vaccinations
- vaccines break the chain of transmission by decreasing a person’s susceptibility to a pathogen NOT THROUGH PREVENTING ENTRY OF PATHOGEN
What are the 4 Moments of Hand Hygiene?
- Before entering room
- Before aseptic procedure
- After exposure to body fluid
- After patient contact
What is the difference between Sterile, Aseptic and Clean?
Sterile: free from all microorganisms, not possible outside of controlled environment Ex. OR
Aseptic: free from pathogenic organisms in sufficient numbers to not cause infection
Clean: free from visible marks and stains. NOT GOOD ENOUGH FOR INVASIVE PROCEDURE
Can CPE (Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae) be treated?
NO! No treatment, No cure, upto 50% fatality
Define Routine Practice.
Procedures that prevent the transmission of microorganisms that cause infections in healthcare facilities. Includes Hand Hygiene, Personal Protective Equipment, Patient Environment and Aseptic Non Touch Technique
THIS IS THE LEVEL OF CARE THAT SHOULD BE PROVIDED FOR ALL CLIENTS AT ALL TIMES
The Statement “ The interval between entrance of a pathogen into the body and appearance of first symptoms “ defines which of the 4 Stages of an Infectious process?
A) Incubation Period
B) Prodromal Stage
C) Illness Stage
D) Convalescent Period
A)
Who it at most risk for Hospital Acquired Infections?
Children Aged 0-4
Elderly Aged 65+
Older persons are more likely to have chronic disease and there is an age related decline in immune system
What are the 2 Types of Hospital Acquired Infections?
Exogenous: arise from microorganisms that do not exist in normal flora Ex. Salmonella
Endogenous: occur when some normal flora overgrow or alter ex. yeasts, enterococci
What parts of the hand are commonly missed?
Thumbs, Finger tips, nails, in between the fingers
Give one example of a nursing practice that would illustrate one of the Principles of Surgical Asepsis.
Examples Include:
- Handle sterile objects that will touch open wounds or enter body cavities only with sterile forceps or sterile gloved hands
- Nurses do not turn their backs on a sterile field.
- Keep hair clean and short or enclose it in a net to prevent hair from falling on sterile objects. Microorganisms on the hair can make a sterile field unsterile.
- Do not set up a sterile field ahead of time for future use.
- Storage areas should be clean, dry, off the floor, and away from sinks.
How can you break the chain of transmission at the Infectious Agent?
Accurate identification of organisms
What are the modes of infection transmission?
- direct contact
- indirect contact (wheelchair, stethoscope)
- droplets: influenza, mumps can be transmitted within 2 m of person
- airborne: TB, can go long distances
- Vehicle: patients often share insulin vials
- Vector borne: insects
- Parenteral: needles
What are the two Components of Effective Hand Hygiene?
1) killing or removing microorganisms from hands
2) maintaining good skin integrity
What is the order in which you should PUT ON PPE?
- Gown
- Gloves
- Face mask
What is the order in which you should TAKE OFF PPE?
go from dirty to clean
- Gloves
- Gown
- USE HAND SANITIZER
- Face Mask
What is the difference between a key part and a key site in Aseptic Non-Touch Technique (ANTT)?
Key Part: part of the equipment that must remain sterile Ex. the tip of forceps
Key Site: area on patient that must be protected from microorganisms (ex. wound or IV insertion site
KEY PARTS CAN ONLY TOUCH KEY SITES
Which of these is not a portal of exit? A) Respiratory Tract B) GI Tract C) Mucous Membranes D) Non-Intact Skin
C)
Mucous Membranes are a portal of entry not exit
Define Colonization and Infection.
C: microorganisms on or inside body that can be transferred to others but cause no symptoms or illness. treatment not required
I: clinical signs of inflammation that are due to damage by microorganism. need treatment
