taxi fuel
45lbs/20kgs
fixed reserve
337 lbs
Alternate - weather
need alternate when:
Cloud - more then SCT below alt minima
Vis - less then alternate minima or greater then alternate min, but forecast with a prob of of below minima
wind - crosswind or tailwind above max for aircraft
buffer periods
- must consider weather 30 mins before departure to 60 mins after arrival.
- 30 mins before and after conditions are below alternate minima, unless TTF, which is no buffer
Alternate - approach
for airports with IAP
- alternate minima on charts
- if aerodrome forecast is unavailable, alternate required
without approach
if no IAP by night
- alternate required
if no IAP by day
- no more then SCT below LSALT +500ft and 8km vis. alternate needs a TAF
post dispatch replanning - reserves
once aircraft dispatched, variable can be reduced to 5%, not less than 5 minutes, which is 45lbs
privileges and limitations of rating
- PIC under IFR and NVFR
- circling approach if tested
IFR recency - approaches
- 3 approaches last 90 days
- 1 approach last 90 days of required approach - 2D/3D/CDI/AZI
single pilot recency
1 flight of 1hr duration in 6 months including 1 approach
altimeter tollerance
+-60 ft, can depart +- 75ft but next landing point must be within 60ft
take off minima
- aerodrome with IAP - above minima stated in approach
- aerodrome with no IAP - LSALT + 8km vis
- if a suitable alternate within 20 mins, 300ft and 2km vis, or t/o min stated in charts
Alternate requirements - lighting
- if lighting PAL - responsible person
- if lighting electrical, need stby power
- alternate does not require stby power
- if alternate is PAL, don’t require resp person if have dual VHF + 30mins holding fuel
obstacle clearance climb gradients
T/O - 6% with gear down
landing in go around config - 3.2%
enroute climb - 4.5% up to 5000
SID - 3.3%
MAP - 2.5%, provides 100ft obstacle clearance
CAT B speeds
Vat - 91 - 120
IAF - 120 - 180
FAF - 85 - 130
circling - <135
MAP - <150
CAT B Vat
91-120
CAT B IAF
120 - 180
CAT B FAF
85 - 130
CAT B circling
<135
CAT B MAP
< 150
when do you need to execute MAP
- Straight in/circling approach not possible
- not visual at MAPt or DA
- RAIM failure or warning after IAF
- outside tolerance past FAF
- failure of AID
- loss of visual reference
when can descend below LSALT
- Take off or landing
- VMC by day
- instrument approach or departure
- visual approach or departure
- ATC clearance
visual circling below MDA
- maintain within circling area
- vis along flight path not less than minima
- maintain visual contact with runway environment
by day - maintain visual contact with obstacles along landing path
- not less than 300 ft above obstacles
by night - cant descend below MDA until intercepting normal circuit profile on downwind base or final
when can you descend below MDA or DA
- visual reference can be maintained
- minima requirements adhered to
- continuously in a position where a landing can be made with normal rates of descent and manouvres
visual approach by ATC
by day and night
- within 30nm
- continual reference to ground or water
- 5km vis
by night
- if being vectored, assigned MVA and given heading or track instructions to intercept final or circling area
