What are the 3 perspectives of a pathology?
Disease
Sickness
Illness
What is the definition of disease?
- The underlying pathology
- Biologically defined in the practitioner’s perspective
What is the definition of sickness?
- Social and cultural conceptions of a pathology
- Cultural beliefs and fears are involved
- A disorder considered suitable for medical treatment
What is the definition of illness?
- Patient’s subjective experience of symptoms
- What brings patient to doctor
What does burden of disease estimate and how is it expressed?
- The amount of loss of health
Expressed in DALY → Disability Adjusted Life Years
Has 2 components:
→ Years Of Life Lost (YLL)
→ Years Lived With Disability (YLD)
In the social context the interpretation of disease, sickness or illness is effected by?
→ Cultural values
→ Social norms
→ Shared rules
What can low health literacy lead to?
- Increased risk of chronic disease
- Increased risk of other diseases
- Decreased health care availability
- Poorer overall health
- Incorrect medication administration etc….
What does the health lifestyle theory by cockerham (2005) propose?
- Structural variables and conditions collectively constitute a person’s life chances
- Choices and chances interact and lead to practices like alcohol or drug abuse, unhealthy diet, smoking etc…
- Neighbourhood and community have huge impact on the above for better or worse
- Social network can influence health in the same way too
What can perceived discrimination lead to according to the health lifestyle theory?
→ Increased hypertension and heart disease
→ Worse overall women’s health
→ Worse overall child health
→ Worse birth outcomes
→ Leads to chronically elevated stress and reduced ability to fight diseases and reduced ability to interact with health authorities to get help
What does DEARS in motivational interviewing stand for?
Develop discrepancy
Express empathy
Amplify ambivalence
Roll with resistance
Support self-efficacy
What are examples of developing discrepancy in motivational interviewing?
- Scaling
- E.g. How important is X on a scale of X
- E.g. Why is it a 6 and not a 7 on that scale?
- On the one hand you say X on the other hand you wanna do Y
What are examples of expressing empathy in motivational interviewing?
- Reflective listening important
- E.g. I know how difficult this must be
- E.g. This must be so hard for you
What are examples of amplifying ambivalence in motivational interviewing?
- E.g. how your behaviour been a problem for you/others
- E.g. how was life before you started doing X
- E.g. what do you think will happen if you continue like this?
What are examples of rolling with resistance in motivational interviewing?
- Is it okay if we talk about X?
- Is it okay if I provide you with some more information?
What are examples of supporting self-efficacy in motivational interviewing?
- It seems like you put a lot of thoughts into this goal
- This plan looks really promising
