1
Q
closely related to
A
christianity & judaism
2
Q
jud. chr. and islam had diff __ but same __
A
diff names but same gods
3
Q
judaism says jesus is
A
a prophet
4
Q
christianity says jesus is
A
the promised messiah
5
Q
islam says jesus is
A
a prophet
6
Q
the final prophet is
A
muhammad
7
Q
how did islam spread so fast
A
trade & conquest
8
Q
holy book __ contains __
A
qur’an (recitation) has muhammad’s teachings
9
Q
what is the holy book based off
A
what muhammad recited to god cus he couldnt read or write so he had to memorize it
10
Q
fundamental beliefs
A
five pillars
11
Q
declaration of faith
A
(shahada) there is only one god and it is allah and muhammad is his messenger
12
Q
obligatory prayers
A
(salat) must pray 5 times a day facing mecca (used to face jerusalem)
13
Q
compulsory giving
A
(zahat) 2.5% tax to provide to the less fortunate
14
Q
fasting at ramadan
A
(sawn) fasting from dusk to dawn, if ill/unable, then can do at a later time
15
Q
pilgrimage to mecca if possible
A
hajj; sacred black stone in the middle where they gather
16
Q
muslims refer to entire muslim population as
A
ummah
17
Q
how many muslims
A
1.62bil (22%)
18
Q
where is islam popular
A
middle east + north africa
19
Q
islam is a dominant religion in
A
africa!
20
Q
code of law & what does it do
A
sharia laws guide behavior, family life, business, & communication. varies from place to place !
21
Q
(extent to which) patriarchal. what could women do
A
could do business (led to illegal infanticide), inherit property, get a divorce
22
Q
when is year 1 on the muslim calendar
A
622 ce
23
Q
what happened in 622 ce
A
people fled from mecca to medina
24
Q
in testimony, women worth __ as much as men
A
half (2 women = 1 man witness)
25
men & women __ to allah, but restrictions on women in sexual & social life bc __
equal; for a legit heir
26
how many wives
4
27
adopted __ culture of veils
mesotopian
28
types of veils
hijab (hair), burqa (thin covering everything), chador (full except eyes hands feet)
29
when were veils worn
only if u had a high status
30
house of worship
mosque
31
sabbath on __
fridays
32
christianity sabbath & judaism sabbath when
chr. sun & jud. sat
33
mosques identifiable by minarets (what are they)
towers where muezzin call 5 prayers
34
proselytizing meaning
preaching
35
islamic govt
theocracy
36
caliphs are
leaders of caliphates & successors of muhammad
37
caliphs had __ __ __ powers
political religious military
38
judaism & christianity sprouted from __ but islam sprouted from __
isaac, ishmael
isaac son of sarah & ishmael son of hagar
39
during __ all world religions except islam began
classical age
40
islam united the __ after __
arabian peninsula; political disunity
41
govt wanted people to __ but did not __ it
convert; force
42
who did islam start from
bedouins
43
who are bedouins
nomads controlling caravan routes across arabic desert
44
bedouins were __ __ & __ & their culture valued __ __ __ __
nomadic (pastoral & trade), tribal, polytheistic
honesty, generosity (alms, 2.5%), tribal ties, polygyny
45
muhammad was a __
bedouin
46
desert traders came across monotheistic __ __ & __
chr. jud. & zoro
47
zoro god
ahura mazda
48
how did meeting the monotheistic religions impact islam
led islam to be mono
49
simplistic hierarchy of
sheikh & tribal council > members
50
mecca & yathrib were __ centers for caravans & __ + __ centers
trade, economic, religious
51
when maritime trade increased, (2)
land trade decreased, led to fall of economy
52
most sacred polytheistic temple, in mecca
ka'aba
53
trade brought __ & __ to mecca
chr. & jud
54
sometimes people were depicted with a halo or
holy fire
55
islam, jud, & chr holy books & gods
islam-allah, quran
jud-yahweh, torah
chr-abba, bible
56
islam was against
polytheism, abusive commercial practices (profit over people)
57
islam was for
social justice (alms), polygyny, monotheism, theocracy (combo of church & state)
58
believed archangel __ visited muhammad in a __ in mount __
gabriel,cave, mt hira
59
muhammad taught islam in __
mecca
60
sharia law banned __ __ __ & supported __ + __
banned pork alcohol gambling, supported morality & honesty
61
jihad
spiritual struggle
62
mecca leaders feared islam bc
might end profitable pilgrimages to mecca by polytheistic people
63
muhammad left mecca -> moved to yathrib ->
embraced islam
64
renamed yathrib to
medina "city of the prophet"
65
conquered nonmuslims paid
jizya tax
66
conquerees didnt enslave
people of the book (jews & chr.)
67
muhammad was the final prophet so the people were __
split on who should lead
68
leaders of ummah made __
caliphate
69
caliphates led by
caliphs (known as head of state)
70
4 rightly guided caliphs
abu bakr, umar, uthman, ali
71
abu bakr
muhammad father in law, "truthful", first
72
umar
muhammad friend, "distinguisher of right & wrong", second
73
uthman
muhammad son in law, "the generous", third
74
ali
muhammad cousin & son in law, "commander of the faithful", fourth, shia
75
who of the rightly guided were murdered
umar uthman ali
76
what person of muslims are sunni
85-90
77
shia is popular in
iran/iraq
78
land under islamic rule
dar al-islam
79
sunnis are called & shias are called
"followers of tradition" "partisans of ali"
80
__ & __ division today from sunni and shia
conflict & political division
81
syncretism of islam christianity buddhism
sufi
82
sufis rejected
materialism & love of luxury
83
sufis focused on
meditation, introspection, abstain of earthly pleasures
84
meditation involves __ and represents ?
whirling & represents revolving planets and sun
85
sufis popular in
india & persia
86
umayyad dynasty was (sunni/shia)
sunni
87
iberian peninsula had golden age when
under umayyad & when reconquista took over
88
after ali assassination
network of merchants from mecca assumed power
89
umayyad short lived bc
intolerant to nonarabs
90
umayyad capital from __ to __
mecca to demascus
91
whyd umayyad move the capital
cus demascus had more trade & leader controlled that territory (but it had a lot of nonarabs)
92
umayyad family took control under
muawiya
93
umayyads became wealthy & powerful through
wealthy through trade, powerful bc land=power money=power and they had a lot of both
94
shias were angered cus of umayyads bc
they preferred muhammads simple life
95
umayyads cultural diffusion in architecture like
domes from rome
96
umayyads were against icons
iconoclasm
97
popular art was
calligraphy & geometric shapes
98
umayyad successors conquered
afghan, north africa, spain
99
religion, conquest, primogeniture grew & legitimized in umayyad bc
they kept winning their battles which was like a sign that god sent saying ur supposed to win
100
major spread of islam to
the west
101
africa was used to invade
europe
102
taking over of spain is
al-andalus
103
spain capital during umayyad was
cordoba
104
cordoba had the largest
library
105
muslims lost to __ at the __
lost to franks at battle of tours (732)
106
battle of tours (732) led to europe being
catholic
107
battle of tours limited
islamic expansion
108
umayyad. nonarabs seen as
lower than arabs
109
umayyad. arab muslims encouraged to marry
arabs
110
umayyad. __ had to pay jizya & werent considered ummah even if converted
mawali (nonarab muslims)
111
umayyad exclusion of mawali led to
govt overthrow
112
people rebelling in umayyad cus
they had a desire for religious equality
113
abbasid dynasty moved capital from __ to __
demascus to baghdad (COT)
114
abbasid hierarchy
caliph, vizier, council, emir, everyone else
115
__ overthrew Umayyad & established abbasid
al abbas
116
abbasid was __ but relied on __support
sunni, shia
117
abbasid had a __ govt
centralized
118
abbasid said all muslims were __ which led to expansion which also led to
all equal, led to more converts
119
emir?
people who led provinces by collecting taxes & kept peace
120
__ was unifying force in abbadsid
Arabic lang
121
abbasid muslims must know how to
read arabic
122
abbasid prospered bc
they were key role in trade networks connecting east & west
123
baghdad was a center of
trade, culture, learning
124
abbasid baghdad had lots of
people
125
abbasid baghdad was ideal cus
ideal for trans Eurasian trade cus its right in the middle
126
abbasid baghdad had good __ & built__
infrastructrue, mosques, docks, palaces, caravansaries
127
house of wisdom was?
learning center during golden age (abbasud)
128
what did house of wisdom presevre & what did that lead to
Greek + roman philosophies - led to revive of their stuff (renaissance)
129
house of wisdom enabled cus of invention of
thicker paper
130
abbasid golden age had __ & __ innovations
cultural+ intellectual
131
abbasid ibn Rushd said
theory of double truths
132
Muslim univerisities
madrasses
133
abbasid govt funded Muslim unis to
preserve religious + roman Greco works
134
abbasid poetry & storytelling led to
more literacy + literary expansion
135
abbasid mosques had
courtyards & minarets
136
abbasid art had calligraphy in
arabic
137
people who call to minarets for prayers
muezzlins
138
abbasid mosques had __ to help legitimize rulw
monumental architecture
139
ancient Hindus created
arabic numerals
140
Arabic numerals led to
algebra (al-jabr)
141
abbasid fell cus the govt
was too big cus everyone could get in
142
3 T's of fall of abbasid
taxes tribute trade
143
abbasid fell: religion
religious division
144
abbasid fell: economic
decrease of money=less power. bad infrastructure, silk road shifted away from them, unable to collect all taxes from like faraway lands cus lazy govt
145
abbasid fell: political
viziers took advantage of caliphs cus viziers had sm power
146
abbasid fell: seljuk turks
1055, took over, caliphs only had religious power, sultans had political power, CONQUERED BAGHDAD, convert evb to Islam, controlled state affairs
147
abbasid fell: mongols
1258, attacked turks out of baghdad & captured it, killed caliphs & changed to connate, stopped in Egypt by mamluks
148
abbasid fell: crusades
crusades lost, abbasid allowed christians to travel through Jerusalem, began holy wars
149
hadith
report of muhammads recitations
150
sufi has mysticism
syncretism
151
orthodox islam
sunni
152
ulama
people with religious knowledge
153
qadi
judge
154
caravansaries
inns for food & lodging for travelling merchants
