1
Q
The substance of Sufism is the
A
Truth and the meaning of Sufism is the selfless experiencing and actualization of the Truth, by means of love and devotion.
2
Q
Internalise
A
God
3
Q
Sufism’s not a
A
sect/denomination of Islam. It is part of Islam Islamic Mysticism Branch
4
Q
Arose in
A
8th-9th centuries
5
Q
Sufism developed religious practices focusing on
A
strict self-control that enable both psychological and mystical insights as well as a loss of self, with the ultimate goal of mystical union with God.
6
Q
Sufis believe the spiritual journey of the soul on its return to God takes ___ what is the first
A
many stages
- The first and most important stage is repentance. Not always form sins but also from the material life
7
Q
sufi stages: o Tawakkul-
A
trust-in God above any need or desire
8
Q
sufi stages:o Irada-
A
desire-personal desire is replaced by desire for God
9
Q
sufi stages: Dhikr
A
o -remembrance-experience of constant awareness of God-
10
Q
sufi stages:o Marifa
A
-mystic knowledge-knowledge which enters the heart directly from God. It is the attribute of the one who knows God
11
Q
Sufis belongs to
A
Tariqas, orders
12
Q
Sufi Orders/ Tariqas (points)
A
- These orders have a master who will teach sacred knowledge to others in the group.
- The role of the teacher is fundamental-Murshid
- The student (Murid) submit to the will of the teacher (Shaykh)
- Student owes utter devotion to teacher as it symbolises utter devotion to religion
- Sufi Schools – bring up with religion but also charity, inner peace, helping at hospitals
- Some Orders: Qadiriyah, The Mevlevi tariqa
13
Q
Sufi Practices intended to help
A
them realize union with God
14
Q
Sufi practices inclue
A
- “Whirling Dervishes,” a Turkish Sufi order that practices meditation and contemplation of God through spinning.
15
Q
Sufi Practice of - Dhikr -
A
devotional acts in Islam in which short phrases or prayers are repeatedly recited silently within the mind or aloud
“remember God often”. (33:40) “the remembrance of God makes the heart calm” (13:28)
o Through dhikr, Sufi masters train students to purify their hearts and souls.
o Through Dhikr, Sufis reach happiness, mercy of God, purity of spirit and adornment of the soul.
16
Q
Sufism Contribution
A
Rabia
Al Garali
Rumi
17
Q
Rabia al adawiya
A
- Rabia al-Adawiya lived during the 8th century C.E., and is one of the most famous female Sufis in history.
- She is most well known for her asceticism, as she rejected wealth materialism and love as she was a celibate
18
Q
Rabia al adawiya (quote)
A
“One must love God as God is love”\
“God can give me more or even double what can be given with a husband. It does not please me to be distracted from god for a single moment
19
Q
Al Gazali
A
- Al-Ghazâlî (11th Century) is one of the most prominent and influential philosophers, theologians, jurists, and mystics of Sunni Islam
- Studied jurisprudence
- Seen as the most important teacher in the history of Islam-known as “the proof of Islam” as he achieved an integration between faith, reason and mysticism that made him very accessible to the modern mind and gave him a place as one of islams greatest scholars and recognition as one of the mujaddid “the renewer of Islam”
- His great notoriety gave Sufism credibility
20
Q
Jalaluddin Rumi
A
Rumi (13th century) in Balkh in present-day Afghanistan.
- Dedicated to waking people up, and encouraging them to experience life themselves, rather blindly following the scholars of the day.
- When was 35 met a Sufi called Shams with whom he had life changing relationship
- After Shams disappearance, Rumi searched for him. While searching he wrote or dictated his poetry
- His poetry shows his profound love of God
- It is believed that Rumi would turn round and round while reciting his poetry, and it is this dance which formed the basis for the Whirling Dervishes.
- Dervish means doorway, and the dance is believed to be a mystical portal between the earthly and cosmic worlds.
- Rumi’s Seven Pieces of Advice reflect the high level of inner purity that Sufis strive for.
“In generosity and healing others, be like a river In modesty and humility be like earth. In tolerance be like a sea. Either exist as you are or be as you look.”
21
Q
effect of Sufism
A
- Sufism has helped to shape large parts of Muslim society
- Some masters have raised their voices against social inequality and have tried, even at the cost of their lives, to change social and political conditions for the better and to spiritually revive the masses.
- Contribution through poetry and art are a source of happiness
- The importance of Sufism for spiritual education, and inculcation in the faithful of the virtues of trust in God, piety, faith in God’s love, and veneration of the Prophet, cannot be overrated.
- Mysticism permeates Persian literature and other literatures influenced by it. Such poetry has always been a source of happiness for millions
- Today’s modern world Sufism offers support to the individual by training him in the needed values such as respect for relations and living, appreciation for love.
22
Q
When in doubt talk about in Islam
A
Muhammad :)
23
Q
Describe Hajj
A
- Hajj is a 12 day pilgrimage to Mecca, completed by 3 million muslims a year. It is a form of collective worship, that celebrates
24
Q
- The pilgrimmage celebrates
A
o The forgiveness of Adam and Eve
o The sacrifice of Ibrahim’s son Ismail
o prophet Muhammad
25
When is hajj
12th month on Muslim calendar
26
how is hajj Demanding exercise
expensives to travel, physical demands, immensity of crowds, extreme temperate. Development of Mental, Spiritual and Physical Strength
27
“It is the duty of all believers
towards god to come to the house a pilgrim if able to make their way there” (surat 3:91)
28
You enter the state of_____ by
Ihram wearing white, bathing for purifercation
29
Steps of Hajj
Tawaf, Sai, Wuguf, Jamrahs. Tawaf al Wada
30
Five pillars of Islam (expressions of faith)
```
o Shehadah (profession of faith) (also referred to as Iman)
o Salat (worship/prayers)
o Sowm (fasting)
o Zakat (almsgiving/ charity)
o Hajj (pilgrimage)
```
31
Sic Articles of Faith
```
Tawhid (one god)
Russullah (prophets)
Kutubulla (books- Quran and Hadith)
Malaika (angels)
Akhira (accountability/ judgement day)
Qadr (fate/ predetermination)
```
32
Belief of Tawhid in Hajj
Unity of Muslim people, and their submission to Allah, Pilgrims praise God through the collective supplication and remembrance of God in Mt Arafat. Pilgrims glorify God by going around the Ka’bah, as though saying ‘just as we are circling the one and only Ka’bah, the oldest place of worship on earth, we only obey you the Absolute One worthy of worship.’ Hajj represents the largest of the concentric circle around which the Muslim institution of prayer is built representing in the universe- god is in the centre. Muslims exalt God by showing up in mass, as though saying ‘You are greater than myself and above the whole of humanity; here we are ready to worship you in mass.’
33
Belief of Russullah in Hajj
the Hajj follows in the steps of Mohammad,
34
Kutubulla (books- Quran and Hadith) in Hajj
The books tell them to do the Hajj.
35
Malaika (angels) in Hajj
Jibril, who gave a ram to sacrifice instead of Ibrihims son, she also reveals the spring of water under Ishmael after they were dehydrated and parched
36
Akhira (accountability/ judgement day) in Hajj
you will be judged on whether you completed Hajj as it is a required to be done by all Muslims who can. Masses are moving in unison and with a common dress stripped of all worldly possessions, enacting the Day of Judgement. It is a gathering where the rich cannot be distinguished from the poor, the educated from the uneducated, the elite from the common.
Wuquf Is a re-enactment of the day of judgment
37
Qadr (fate/ predetermination)
The individual hopes to become, by performing Hajj, a better person in this world and increase his prospects of reward in the Hereafter.
38
Analyse significance for individual
“The reward for Hajj is nothing less than paradise” - Hadith
- strengthens the faith and obedience of believers. reinforce what a Muslim believes
- help a Muslim to develop an Islamic identity
- Deepen his or her understanding of what it means to be a Muslim.
- The gathering of Muslims from the world over further strengthens Islamic identity for one common purpose - to fulfil their obligation to make the Hajj. As these pilgrims mingle together, they share their common beliefs and practices with one another.
- Performance of the hajj results in many blessings, including the development of an individual's disposition to more fully experience God's presence.
- To a Muslim, the hajj is one of the greatest acts of penitence
39
Analyse significance for community
“universal sisterhood and brotherhood”
- Hajj is the greatest social event in the Muslim world; it is where you met new people
- All differences on school of thoughts don’t matter
- Rituals of the hajj play an important role in preserving the Islamic belief system because they remind the world-wide community of pilgrims of the core beliefs of Islam. They help the community of believers to maintain the unity of their essential beliefs.
- Pilgrimage rituals encourage believers to reflect on the history of Islam and their Islamic heritage.
- When Islamic pilgrims from all parts of the world gather to reflect on their religious history and heritage during the hajj, Islam's identity as a religious system is strengthened.
- Rituals also play an important role in maintaining social stability and cohesion within the Islamic community. Garments worn by pilgrims while in a state of ritual purity, remind them that all are equal in the eyes of God, no matter how rich or poor they may be.
- The gathering of Muslim pilgrims from all over the world surpasses all differences based on race, colour and gender, uniting the community of believers around the core beliefs of Islam.
Strengthens the spirit of unity, equality, brotherhood and sisterhood within the world-wide Islamic community.
40
“The reward for an accepted Hajj
is nothing less than paradise” – Hadith
41
Islamic Ethical teachings
the Qur’an- Sacred text, believed to be the word of God as dictated to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel
the Sunna and Hadith- words/actions and approvals of Muhammad
ijma’ – consensus among religious leaders
qiyas – consensus among religious leaders comparison with teachings of the Qur’an or Hadith
42
Tawhid-
Unity
43
Tawhid (points)
- The central point of the Islamic faith is the Tawid-oneness of God
- The universe originated from God, returns to him and is centred around him
- The world is created and sustained by God with a purpose-divine purpose
- Tawid is the point of origin of a theological doctrine of ecology
- All things in the universe come from God
- Muslims believe that Allah created the Earth and everything on it.
- Nature is God’s masterpiece
- Caring for the earth is a way of worshipping the oneness of God as he created it
44
Tawhid (quote)
“Whatever is in the heaven and on earth, doth declare the Praises and Glory of Allah: to him belongs dominion, and to Him belongs praise: and He has power over all things”. Surah 64:1
45
Khalifat-
Trusteeship
46
Khalifat (points)
- Man has a role of vicegerent (representative)
- Allah created humans for them to take on the responsibility of his creation
- God has offered his trust to man and man accepted it
- Appropriate se of the earth for the needs of humankind in a way that nurtures and sustains the environment
- Environment is not man’s property but his responsibility
47
Khalifat (quotes)
“The world is green and beautiful, and Allah has appointed you his Khalifa over it” –Mohammad (Hadith)
“Partake of it gladly, so long as you are a benefactor, not a despoiler, a cultivator; not a destroyer” The 4th Caliph, Ali
48
Akhirah
Accountability
49
Akhirah (points)
- Muslims believe they will be judged by Allah for the way they have undertaken their responsibilities
- Includes judgement concerning how they have acted in relation to the relatiionship
- On the day of Judgment humanity will have to account for their actions
50
Akhirah (quote)
“verily there is heavenly reward for every act of kindness done to any living thing”, Muhammad
51
Islamic Environmental initiatives and organisations
o TAWHID -Green Deen: Written by Ibrahim Abdul-Matino
o KHALIFAT- The Eco Muslim
o AKHIRAH- Islamic Foundation for Ecology and Environmental Sciences (IFEES)
52
o Islamic Foundation for Ecology and Environmental Sciences (IFEES)
AKHIRAH
Aim: To work toward the revival of Islamic environmental norms through programs designed to re-educate Muslims in Shariah-based conservation practices.
“Corruption has appeared in land and sea caused by the hands of people so that they may taste the consequences of their actions and turn back” Qur’an, The Romans (Ar Rum) – 30:41
IFEES networks world-wide with NGOs, international organisations, academic bodies and grass roots organisations and invites collaboration from institutions and individuals from all persuasions who are also dedicated to the maintenance of the Earth as a healthy habitat for future generations of humankind as well as other sentient beings.
53
o The Eco Muslim
| KHALIFAH
A is part of Zaufishan Iqbal's "eco jihad", a greener effort to make our community on Earth that tiny bit purer to live in.
Zaufishan encourages everyone to live on less by following the 4Rs: Reuse! (e.g. leftover water) Reduce! (how much food you waste) Recycle! (your unwanted clothes) Reject! (poverty, homelessness and exploitation) Insha-Allah (God willing).
"Human beings according to Islam are considered the best of creation. Created from organic materials, Earth, water and infused with the 'fitra' - a divine inclination - humans are from the Earth. The Earth is a part of ourselves. And it is our responsibility to protect it." ~ The Eco Muslim
54
o Green Deen: What Islam Teaches about Protecting the Planet Paperback, Written by Ibrahim Abdul-Matin
TAWHID
Muslims are compelled by their religion to praise the Creator and to care for their community. But what is not widely known is that there are deep and long-standing connections between Islamic teachings and environmentalism. In this groundbreaking book, Ibrahim Abdul-Matin draws on research, scripture, and interviews with Muslim Americans to trace Islam’s preoccupation with humankind’s collective role as stewards of the Earth. Abdul-Matin points out that the Prophet Muhammad declared that “the Earth is a mosque.”
55
going around the Ka’bah, as though saying
‘just as we are circling the one and only Ka’bah, the oldest place of worship on earth, we only obey you the Absolute One worthy of worship.’
Religion HSC
flashcards
Decks in class (6)
# Cards
