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Islam Practices Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the five pillars

A

Shahadah
Salah
Zakah
Sawm
Hajj

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2
Q

Why are the Five pillars important to Muslims?

A

.They support the main principles and beliefs of Islam, just as pillars are used to support a building.
.Help give Muslims an identity of one community who share a faith.
.Enables them to show their obedience and dedication to God

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3
Q

What does each pillar mean?

A

Shahadah: the declaration of faith
Salah: prayer
Zakah: charitable giving
Sawm: fasting
Hajj: pilgrimage

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4
Q

What essentially are the five pillars?

A

They are the five most important duties for all Muslims. They can be seen as the key to living a perfect Muslim life.

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5
Q

Define the Ten Obligatory acts

A

ten important duties for Shi’a Muslims, which include the five pillars

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6
Q

.What is in the five pillars but not in the Ten Obligatory acts?

.Give two additional parts to the ten obligatory acts

A

Shahadah

Jihad and Khums and Tawallah

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7
Q

What is Khums?

A

One of the Ten Obligatory acts, Khums is a 20% tax on all income once all expenses are deducted. Half to Charity, half to Shi’a religious leaders.

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8
Q

What is the only requirement to join the Muslim community?

A

.Reciting the Shahadah statement, in front of Muslim witnesses

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9
Q

Define Salah

A

prayer with and in worship of God, performed under conditions set by the prophet Muhammad

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10
Q

Define Wudu

A

ritual washing before prayer

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11
Q

Define Mihrab

A

a niche in the wall that indicates the direction of Makkah

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12
Q

Define Qiblah wall

A

the wall in the mosque that contains the mihrab

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13
Q

Name the five prayers for Sunni Muslims in order

A

Fajr
Zuhr
Asr
Maghrib
Isha

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14
Q

What are the timings of each prayer?

A

Fajr: Just before sunrise
Zuhr: Just after midday
Asr: Afternoon
Maghrib: Just after sunset
Isha: Night

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15
Q

How many times do Shi’a muslims pray a day? What do they change?

A

.They pray three times a day by combining the midday and afternoon prayers and the sunset and night prayers

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16
Q

Explain what Wudu is

A

It is a form of spiritual preparation or purification to allow muslims to focus fully on God in their prayers.

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17
Q

Why do Muslims have to face the Makkah to pray?

A

This means that all Muslims are physically and mentally focusing on one place associated with God, in the same way that every Muslim should focus every part of their lives on God.

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18
Q

Define Rak’ah

A

a sequence of movements in ritual prayer

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19
Q

Define Recitation

A

repeating a passage of text from memory

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20
Q

Define Prostration

A

kneeling with the forehead, hands, knees and toes touching the floor, in submission to God

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21
Q

Define Jummah Prayer

A

a weekly communal prayer performed after midday on Friday, which includes a sermon

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22
Q

What is the significance of prayer?
Why with numerous points

A

.It is what God commanded them to do
.Prayer creates greater awareness of God, which in turn motivates them to do God’s will
.Unites Muslims worldwide as they all pray in the same way
.Reciting in prayer reminds Muslims of the Qur’an’s importance
.Bowing and Prostrating remind them that God is greater and more important than them

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23
Q

What do Muslims do during prayer?

A

Standing
Recitation
Bowing
Prostration
Sitting
Blessing

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24
Q

Define Ramadam

A

the ninth month of the muslim calendar, during which muslims have to fast from dusk to sunset

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25
Define Fasting
no eating or drinking for a certain length of time, usually for a religious reason
26
Define The Night of Power
1) The night when the first revelation of the Qur'an was made to Muhammad 2) The festival that marks the start of God's revelation to Muhammad
27
Explain the rules Muslims must obey to fast properly
.No food or drink between daylight hours .No smoking or sex during daylight hours
28
Why is the Qur'an a major focus in the observance of ramadan?
This is because it is believed that during Ramadan the Qur'an started being revealed to Muhammad.
29
Name some examples of those who are exempt from fasting
Pregnant women Mothers nursing babies Children Those who are ill
30
What is a common way for Muslims to break their fast?
By drinking water and eating dates
31
How does fasting help some Muslims focus on the poor?
Feeling hungry during the day serves as a reminder that the poor feel that way all the time if they cannot afford to eat properly. This greater awareness inspires many muslims to find ways to help the poor.
32
Define Zakah
purification of wealth by giving 2.5% of savings each year to the poor (only those with sufficient savings - nisab)
33
Define Sadaqah
good actions or voluntary payments that are undertaken for charitable reasons
34
Define Khums
a 20% tax paid by Shi'a muslims on their excess income
35
What is the significance of Zakah? Numerous points
.By giving Zakah, muslims are fulfilling a duty imposed by God .Paying Zakah give Muslims a good attitude towards money .Zakah strengthens communities by making the rich support the poor .Zakah links well with Salah; prayers should raise concern for other, zakah puts this into action
36
Define Nisab
the minimum amount of wealth a Muslim must possess to be obligated to pay Zakat
37
Define pilgrimage
a journey by a believer to a holy site for religious reasons; an act of worship and devotion
38
Define Hajj
the annual pilgrimage to Makkah (Mecca) that every Muslim should try to make at least once in their life
39
Define Ka'aba
the black, cube-shaped building in the centre of the Grand Mosque in Makkah (Mecca), the holiest place in Islam
40
Define Hajji
someone who has completed Hajj
41
How did Hajj originate?
.Prophet Ibrahim was instructed by God to take his wife Hajira and son Ishmael to Arabia, leaving them with limited supplies. .Facing starvation, Hajira ran between Safa and Marwah hills before collapsing. Ishmael struck his foot, and water emerged from the ground. .Upon Ibrahim's return, God commanded him to build a shrine (Kaaba) dedicated to God and to call people to the Hajj pilgrimage
42
How is Hajj performed? Name the different stages in order
Entering a state of Ihram Circling the Ka'aba Travelling to Arafat Stand at Arafat Throwing pebbles at Mina Returning to Makkah
43
How do Muslims enter a state of Ihram?
Performing ritual washing, praying and putting on Ihram clothing. Men wear two sheets of white cloth; women wear clothes of a single colour that cover the whole body
44
What does Circling the Ka'aba consist of?
In Makkah, muslims circle the Ka'aba in an anticlockwise direction seven times and if possible they touch the black stone built into the Ka'aba.
45
What does Travelling to Arafat involve?
Walks along a covered highway linking the hills of Safa and Marwah (featuring in the story of Ibrahim, Hijra and Ishmaeal). After completing seven circuits of this walk they return to the Ka'aba to collect bottles from the well of the Zamzam. Muslims are then faced with the prospect of the 13 mile walk or ride to Arafat (possibly in high temperatures). Halfway there, they stop for a night at Mina.
46
What does "Standing at Arafat" involve?
Pilgrims walk from Mina to Arafat, where Muhammad preached his last sermon. Spend the whole day praying under the hot summer sun.
47
What does "Throwing Pebbles at Mina" involve?
Muslims walk to Muzdalifah and spend the night there, collecting 49 pebbles on the way.On the 10th day of Dhul-Hijjah, these are used the next day at Mina, where pilgrims throw them at three stone walls (Jamart) that symbolize the devil and temptation. This act shows their rejection of evil. Many also sacrifice an animal, marking the celebration of Id-ul-Adha. To follow the Qur'an and the example of Prophet Muhammad, pilgrims then cut their hair.
48
What does "Returning to Makkah" involve?
Pilgrims return to circle the Ka'aba seven more times. They then return to Mina to spend two more nights there, remembering God and reflecting on his blessings before Hajj ends.
49
Why is Hajj important for Muslims?
.One of the Five Pillars .Spiritual cleansing .Follows Prophets’ footsteps .Unity and equality .Reminder of the Day of Judgment – .Strengthens faith
50
Define Jihad
a struggle against evil; this may be an inward, personal struggle or an outward, collective struggle
51
Define Greater Jihad
the personal inward struggle of all Muslims to live in line with the teachings of their faith
52
Define Lesser Jihad
the outward struggle to defend one's faith, family and country from threat
53
Define Holy War
fighting for a religious cause or God, probably controlled by a religious leader
54
What are some of the criteria for a Holy War?
.Must only be declared by a fair religious leader .Cannot be used to make people convert to Islam .Must be in response to a threat to the faith .Must not be used to gain territory or wealth .Must be the last resort
55
Define Id-ul-Fitr
a Muslim festival that celebrates the end of Ramadam
56
Define Id-ul-Adha
a Muslim festival that celebrates the prophet Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his own son for God
57
Define the Day of Ashura
a festival that is important for Shi'a muslims in particular, who remember the battle of Karbala and death of Husayn on this day
58
When does Ashura take place?
On the tenth day of Muharram, which is the first month of the islamic calendar
59
Describe the historical event that shi'a muslims remember on the day of ashura
On the day of Ashura, Shia Muslims remember the martyrdom of Imam Hussain, the grandson of Prophet Muhammad. He was killed in the Battle of Karbala in 680 CE, along with his family and supporters, while standing against the unjust rule of Yazid. This event is seen as a symbol of resistance against oppression and injustice.
60
How do Shi'a Muslims commemorate Ashura?
Mourning gatherings Re-enactments of the Battle of Karbala Some practice self-flagellation
61
Why is Id-ul-Fitr important?
.Muslims are not only celebrating the end of a whole month of fasting, but are thanking God for the strength and help he has given them to fast for Ramadan.
62
How is Id-ul-Fitr celebrated?
.Muslims gather together in mosques or large outdoor areas to say special prayers .Dressed in smart attire + homes are decorated .Special foods are eaten and processions take place on the street
63
Why is Id-ul-Adha important?
.Remembers and honours the prophet Ibrahim
64
How is Id-ul-Adha celebrated?
.Time of celebration - people meet family and friends and enjoy festive meals .Animals are slaughtered to remember Ibrahim's sacrifice (not allowed in Britain - instead they buy an animal from a local slaughterhouse which has been killed in a certain way, following Islamic law) .Family keeps a third of the meat, third to family, friends and the rest to those in poverty .Cards and presents are given and community celebrations are often organised
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